Considerations in Forehead Reduction for Men.

Although frontal prominence is an infrequent benign defect that causes no sequelae, it gives the patient distress due to its unaesthetic visual aspect. Proper surgical recontouring of the forehead can radically change one's appearance. In consequence, different techniques have been proposed for its management and correction. The aim of this study is to describe a surgical algorithm to treat male patients with forehead reduction to soften the "forceful" look. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the head and neck surgery ward of a general hospital between 2019 and 2022. We performed 35 forehead reduction operations on male patients. The median age was 29 years (range, 26-32 years). The forehead reduction procedures performed was categorized as follows: 27 anterior table osteotomy and 8 anterior table osteotomy contouring. Median forehead reduction was 2.7 mm (range, 2-3.2 mm). The average medical follow-up for patients was 6 months, with an interval ranging from 4 to 8 months. Surgery of the forehead in properly selected male patients is sufficiently safe that it can be done for entirely aesthetic reasons. The choice of surgical technique depends on the presence or absence of the pneumatized frontal sinus. If the frontal sinus is not pneumatized, an anterior table contouring is performed and if the frontal sinus is pneumatized, an anterior table osteotomy is preferred.

Surgical Treatment and Reconstruction of Nasal Defects According to the Aesthetic Subunits Principles.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasal skin cancer, its location by facial aesthetic subunits and the type of reconstructive procedures performed for each nasal subunit after excision for nasal skin tumors. Observational cross-sectional study of all consecutive patients with the diagnosis of skin tumor located in the nasal unit, treated from 2018 to 2019 by the department of head and neck surgery of a general hospital. 60 patients were treated with nasal skin tumors excisions. A total of 52 patients (86,6%) had basal cell skin cancer, 7 (11,6%) had squamous cell skin cancer and 1 (1,6%) had melanoma. Fifty-nine patients (98.33%) presented a primary tumor and just 1 case (1,66%) recived a previous surgical treatment. Regardless of the type of tumor, the tip subunit was the most often involved with 29 (48,33%) cases in total. Despite of the nasal aesthetic subunit affected, the most frequent type of procedure used for reconstruction was the rotation or advancement flap, based on aesthetic nasal subunits, which was performed in 39 cases (65%). Nasal reconstruction after skin cancer can be very complex, especially since all patients have high expectations about the results. In order to achieve good results, there is a necessity for careful analysis of the defect, correct planning and excellent technical execution of the procedures Frequently, staged procedures will be needed to achieve an optimal result.

"Incidental Papillary Thyroid Cancer in Thyroglossal Duct Cyst": A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is an infrequent condition with less than two hundred cases described in literature, with an incidence likely to be close to 1%. While its management is quite straightforward, there exists significant controversy regarding whether additional treatment is needed to manage incidentally noticed carcinoma in TGDCs. CASE REPORT: A 37-years-old man came to us complaining of a slowly progressive neck mass located in the midline from 4 years ago. Ultrasonography (US) showed a mixed tumor with cyst predominance of 90x79x50 mm and Computed-Tomography (CT) revealed a mixed inframentonian heterogeneous tumor associated with small, mostly peripheral calcifications. The mass was resected using Sistrunk's surgery. Histologic review reported a moderately differentiated papillary carcinoma in thyroglossal duct cyst, without vascular and lymphatic invasion. After two months, a total thyroidectomy was done, to which the pathological report informed normal thyroid. CONCLUSION: Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma is a rare entity. Management should be decided on single risk stratification. In all cases, a Sistrunk surgery would be accomplished in order to remove the tumor. The reason for thyroidectomy in individuals with a normal thyroid is due to the probability of presenting an intraglandular thyroid cancer concomitantly. It also enables the management with radio-iodine and patient follow up by quantifying thyroglobulin levels.

Glicemia na admissão e mortalidade em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica / Glycemia upon admission and mortality in a pediatric intensive care unit

RESUMO Objetivos: Analisar a associação entre os níveis glicêmicos quando da admissão dos pacientes à unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e a mortalidade entre pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de coorte conduzido em pacientes de uma unidade de terapia intensiva, admitidos ao Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño entre 2012 e 2013. Utilizou-se um modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para qualificar a associação. Foi feita avaliação do desempenho do exame diagnóstico, para descrever sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo, valor preditivo negativo e razão de verossimilhança para cada faixa de glicemia. Resultados: Incluíram-se no total 552 pacientes (idade mediana de 23 meses; faixa de variação entre 5 meses e 79,8 meses). O nível glicêmico médio quando da admissão foi de 121,3mg/dL (6,73mmol/L). Faleceram durante a hospitalização 92 (16,6%) pacientes. Na análise multivariada, encontraram-se associações significantes entre glicemia < 65mg/dL (3,61mmol/L) (RR: 2,01; IC95% 1,14 - 3,53), glicemia > 200mg/dL (> 11,1mmol/L) (RR: 2,91; IC95% 1,71 - 4,55), desnutrição (RR: 1,53, IC95% 1,04 - 2,25), ventilação mecânica (RR: 3,71, IC95% 1,17 - 11,76) e mortalidade durante a hospitalização. Ocorreram baixa sensibilidade (entre 17,39% e 39,13%) e alta especificidade (entre 49,13% e 91,74%) para diferentes níveis glicêmicos de corte. Conclusão: Ocorreu maior risco de óbito entre os pacientes que desenvolveram hipoglicemia e hiperglicemia por ocasião da admissão à unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Certas faixas de glicemia (> 200mg/dL (> 11,1mmol/L) e < 65mg/dL (3,61mmol/L)) tiveram uma alta especificidade como preditores de óbito.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To analyze the association between glycemia levels upon pediatric intensive care unit admission and mortality in patients hospitalized. Methods: A retrospective cohort of pediatric intensive care unit patients admitted to the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño between 2012 and 2013. A Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to quantify the association. Diagnostic test performance evaluation was used to describe the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratios for each range of glycemia. Results: In total, 552 patients were included (median age 23 months, age range 5 months to 79.8 months). The mean glycemia level upon admission was 121.3mg/dL (6.73mmol/L). Ninety-two (16.6%) patients died during hospitalization. In multivariable analyses, significant associations were found between glycemia < 65mg/dL (3.61mmol/L) (RR: 2.01, 95%CI 1.14 - 3.53), glycemia > 200mg/dL (> 11.1mmol/L) (RR: 2.91, 95%CI 1.71 - 4.55), malnutrition (RR: 1.53, 95%CI 1.04 - 2.25), mechanical ventilation (RR: 3.71, 95%CI 1.17 - 11.76) and mortality at discharge. There was low sensitivity (between 17.39% and 39.13%) and high specificity (between 49.13% and 91.74%) for different glucose cut-off levels. Conclusion: There was an increased risk of death at discharge in patients who developed hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia upon admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. Certain glucose ranges (> 200mg/dL (> 11.1mmol/L) and < 65mg/dL (3.61mmol/L)) have high specificity as predictors of death at discharge.

Glycemia upon admission and mortality in a pediatric intensive care unit. / Glicemia na admissão e mortalidade em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the association between glycemia levels upon pediatric intensive care unit admission and mortality in patients hospitalized. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of pediatric intensive care unit patients admitted to the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño between 2012 and 2013. A Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to quantify the association. Diagnostic test performance evaluation was used to describe the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratios for each range of glycemia. RESULTS: In total, 552 patients were included (median age 23 months, age range 5 months to 79.8 months). The mean glycemia level upon admission was 121.3mg/dL (6.73mmol/L). Ninety-two (16.6%) patients died during hospitalization. In multivariable analyses, significant associations were found between glycemia < 65mg/dL (3.61mmol/L) (RR: 2.01, 95%CI 1.14 - 3.53), glycemia > 200mg/dL (> 11.1mmol/L) (RR: 2.91, 95%CI 1.71 - 4.55), malnutrition (RR: 1.53, 95%CI 1.04 - 2.25), mechanical ventilation (RR: 3.71, 95%CI 1.17 - 11.76) and mortality at discharge. There was low sensitivity (between 17.39% and 39.13%) and high specificity (between 49.13% and 91.74%) for different glucose cut-off levels. CONCLUSION: There was an increased risk of death at discharge in patients who developed hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia upon admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. Certain glucose ranges (> 200mg/dL (> 11.1mmol/L) and < 65mg/dL (3.61mmol/L)) have high specificity as predictors of death at discharge.

OBJETIVOS: Analisar a associação entre os níveis glicêmicos quando da admissão dos pacientes à unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e a mortalidade entre pacientes hospitalizados. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de coorte conduzido em pacientes de uma unidade de terapia intensiva, admitidos ao Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño entre 2012 e 2013. Utilizou-se um modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para qualificar a associação. Foi feita avaliação do desempenho do exame diagnóstico, para descrever sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo, valor preditivo negativo e razão de verossimilhança para cada faixa de glicemia. RESULTADOS: Incluíram-se no total 552 pacientes (idade mediana de 23 meses; faixa de variação entre 5 meses e 79,8 meses). O nível glicêmico médio quando da admissão foi de 121,3mg/dL (6,73mmol/L). Faleceram durante a hospitalização 92 (16,6%) pacientes. Na análise multivariada, encontraram-se associações significantes entre glicemia < 65mg/dL (3,61mmol/L) (RR: 2,01; IC95% 1,14 - 3,53), glicemia > 200mg/dL (> 11,1mmol/L) (RR: 2,91; IC95% 1,71 - 4,55), desnutrição (RR: 1,53, IC95% 1,04 - 2,25), ventilação mecânica (RR: 3,71, IC95% 1,17 - 11,76) e mortalidade durante a hospitalização. Ocorreram baixa sensibilidade (entre 17,39% e 39,13%) e alta especificidade (entre 49,13% e 91,74%) para diferentes níveis glicêmicos de corte. CONCLUSÃO: Ocorreu maior risco de óbito entre os pacientes que desenvolveram hipoglicemia e hiperglicemia por ocasião da admissão à unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Certas faixas de glicemia (> 200mg/dL (> 11,1mmol/L) e < 65mg/dL (3,61mmol/L)) tiveram uma alta especificidade como preditores de óbito.