ABSTRACT
A tissue cage model was adapted and utilized for examination of the inflammatory-reparative response in the chicken. The model involved insertion of a polyethylene cage, soaked in the irritant, into the previously prepared subcutaneous pouch. Using this model the cellular events in the fibrovascular granulation tissue in response to turpentine, concanavalin-A and Escherichia coli endotoxin were studied. It was concluded that the tissue cage model worked well in the chicken and that it can be useful in studies relating to the inflammatory-reparative response.
ABSTRACT
A subcutaneous pouch model was developed and used for examination of cellular events in the local acute inflammatory response in the chicken. The model involved insertion of a pair of coverslips-dipped in the irritant-into the prepared subcutaneous pouch, and their replacement with plain coverslips at frequent intervals. The model was simple to operate, caused minimal distress to the experimental bird, and permitted multiple continual sampling of emigrating cells. The cytological features and migratory sequence of inflammatory cells produced by non-immunological and immunological stimuli were studied over a period of 48 h. The initial migration of leukocytes comprised heterophils and monocytes. This was soon followed by emigration of basophils. The basophilic reaction was pronounced in response to Escherichia coli endotoxin. Lymphocytes were prominent in the later stages. Also, in the later stages the monocytes apparently coalesced, formed syncytia and even what appeared to be distinct multinucleated giant cells. The results obtained by the present model corroborated the findings of earlier investigators recorded through the use of tissue sections and impression smears. It is suggested that the subcutaneous pouch model may offer an excellent system in avian inflammation research.
ABSTRACT
PIP: Perinatal and infant mortality during the year 1985 was analyzed through a prospective study conducted in 12 Anganwadis (total population of 13,054) located in slum areas of India's Jabalpur city. Overall, the infant mortality rate was 128.7/1000 live births and the perinatal mortality rate was 88.5/1000 live births. 58.5% of deaths occurred in the neonatal period. Causes of neonatal deaths included prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, birth asphyxia, septicemia, and neonatal tetanus. Postneonatal deaths were largely attributable to dehydration from diarrhea, bronchopneumonia, malnutrition, and infectious diseases. All mortality rates were significantly higher in Muslims than among Hindus. Muslims accounted for 28% of the study population, but contributed 63% of stillbirths and 55% of total infant deaths. This phenomenon appears attributable to the large family size among Muslims coupled with inadequate maternal-child health care. The national neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates are 88/1000 and 52/1000, respectively. The fact that the neonatal mortality rate in the study area was slightly lower than the national average may reflect the impact of ICDS services.^ieng
