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2.
Eur J Med Genet ; 66(1): 104674, 2023 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36470558

ABSTRACT

Retinoblastoma is the most common paediatric neoplasm of the retina, and one of the earliest model of cancer genetics since the identification of the master tumour suppressor gene RB1. Tumorigenesis has been shown to be driven by pathogenic variants of the RB1 locus, but also genomic and epigenomic alterations outside the locus. The increasing knowledge on this "mutational landscape" is used in current practice for precise genetic testing and counselling. Novel methods provide access to pre-therapeutic tumour DNA, by isolating cell-free DNA from aqueous humour or plasma. This is expected to facilitate assessment of the constitutional status of RB1, to provide an early risk stratification using molecular prognostic markers, to follow the response to the treatment in longitudinal studies, and to predict the response to targeted therapies. The aim of this review is to show how molecular genetics of retinoblastoma drives diagnosis, treatment, monitoring of the disease and surveillance of the patients and relatives. We first recap the current knowledge on retinoblastoma genetics and its use in every-day practice. We then focus on retinoblastoma subgrouping at the era of molecular biology, and the expected input of cell-free DNA in the field.


Subject(s)
Retinal Neoplasms , Retinoblastoma , Child , Humans , Retinoblastoma/genetics , Genes, Retinoblastoma , Mutation , Retinal Neoplasms/genetics , Retinal Neoplasms/pathology , Patient Care , DNA Mutational Analysis/methods
3.
Exp Eye Res ; 218: 109026, 2022 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35276184

ABSTRACT

Although many more eyes of children with retinoblastoma are salvaged now compared to just 10 years ago, the control of vitreous seeding remains a challenge. The introduction of intravitreal injection of melphalan has enabled more eyes to be salvaged safely but with definite retinal toxicity. Intensive treatment with high-dose intravitreal topotecan may be a strategy to control tumor burden because of its cell cycle-dependent cytotoxicity and the proven safety in humans. Therefore, we evaluated the ocular and systemic safety of repeated high-dose intravitreal injections of topotecan in rabbits. Systemic and ocular toxicity was assessed in non-tumor-bearing rabbits after four weekly injections of three doses of topotecan (10 µg, 25 µg, and 50 µg) or vehicle alone. Animals were evaluated weekly for general and ophthalmic clinical status. One week after the last injection, vitreous and plasma samples were collected for drug quantification and the enucleated eyes were subjected to histological assessment. Weight, hair loss, or changes in hematologic values were absent during the study period across all animal groups. Eyes injected with all topotecan doses or vehicle showed no signs of anterior segment inflammation, clinical or histologic evidence of damage to the retina, and ERG parameters remained unaltered throughout the study. Vitreous and plasma topotecan lactone concentrations were undetectable. Four weekly intravitreal injections of topotecan up to 50 µg in the animal model or a 100 µg human equivalent dose were not toxic for the rabbit eye. High doses of topotecan may show promising translation to the clinic for the management of difficult-to-treat retinoblastoma vitreous seeds.


Subject(s)
Retinal Neoplasms , Retinoblastoma , Animals , Intravitreal Injections , Rabbits , Retinal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Retinal Neoplasms/pathology , Retinoblastoma/drug therapy , Retinoblastoma/pathology , Topotecan/toxicity , Vitreous Body/pathology
4.
Ophthalmic Genet ; 41(4): 397-400, 2020 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32490703

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: . Intravitreal administration of topotecan shows activity against tumor vitreous seeding in the conservative treatment of retinoblastoma, a malignant tumor originated in the retina of small children. Adequate storage of the intravitreal topotecan solution would allow immediate availability for patients at health care institutions. The goal of the work was to address the stability of the intravitreal topotecan formulation upon reconstitution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: . Intravitreal topotecan solutions were reconstituted (at a concentration of 0.2 mg topotecan in 1 mL saline solution vehicle, aliquoted in 1 mL plastic syringes) and stored either frozen or at room temperature for different times. Topotecan content was analyzed at time zero and at different conditions using a high performance liquid chromatography method to quantify topotecan lactone (active) and to detect its pH-dependent hydrolysis product, the open carboxylate. RESULTS: . We found that intravitreal topotecan syringes remained stable at room temperature at least for 24 h, at least for 167 days upon stored frozen at -20°C, and up to 8 h after thawing at day 6. The degradation carboxylate product did not appear in the analyzed thawed samples during the whole study. CONCLUSIONS: . This study confirms the stability of frozen intravitreal topotecan syringes and will help optimize the use of this chemotherapy modality at institutions with low resources. Storage of aliquots will also help reduce personnel exposure to chemotherapy at hospital pharmacies.


Subject(s)
Drug Stability , Drug Storage/standards , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/chemistry , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/metabolism , Topotecan/chemistry , Topotecan/metabolism , Humans , Intravitreal Injections , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/analysis , Topotecan/analysis
7.
Med. infant ; 24(1): 3-4, marzo 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-879015
8.
Med. infant ; 22(2): 88-92, Junio 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-905904

ABSTRACT

El Retinoblastoma es la neoplasia ocular más frecuente en pediatría. La Terapia radiante externa fue hasta hace una década el tratamiento conservador de elección. Luego se incluyó la quimio reducción; en un intento de evitar la radioterapia externa y sus complicaciones. En este estudio retrospectivo evaluamos los resultados del tratamiento conservador con terapia radiante externa o con quimio reducción en el servicio de oftalmología del Hospital Nacional de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, desde 1987 a 2009. De un total de 571 pacientes con diagnóstico de Retinoblastoma, 341 fueron unilaterales y 217 bilaterales. De estos últimos se analizaron 166 pacientes cuya edad media al diagnostico fue de 12 meses. Se trataron 332 ojos de 166 pacientes con Retinoblastoma bilateral, 157 ojos (47,3%) recibieron quimioreducción como tratamiento inicial, 115 ojos (34,6%) fueron enucleados al inicio, 45 ojos (13,6%) recibieron radioterapia externa como único tratamiento y 15 ojos (4,5%) recibieron tratamiento local solo (laser o crioterapia) como primera elección. Se analizaron los datos con el programa estadístico STATA 12.0 stataCorp Texas.USA. La agudeza visual final fue superior a 20/70 en el 51,5% de los pacientes e inferior en el 48,5%. Se encontró una relación significativa (p=0,005) entre el estadio al diagnóstico y la agudeza visual final; los pacientes con discapacidad visual se presentaron con estadios avanzados. Se evaluaron todas las orbitas enucleadas (157); de ellas el 74,5% recibieron radioterapia externa antes o después de la enucleación. El 24,8% de las orbitas irradiadas presentaron deformidad de la cavidad, con mala adaptación de prótesis y retracción orbitaria, el 70,1% presentaron cambios que permitían una adaptación de prótesis aceptable con alguna limitación de movilidad y solo 6 orbitas (5,12%) presentaban una muy buena cavidad para adaptación cosmética. Cuarenta de 157 orbitas enucleadas no recibieron radioterapia en ningún momento (25,5%), el 92,5% de ellas presentaron buena adaptación y solo el 7,5% tuvieron problemas de adaptación debido a complicaciones postoperatorias. El diagnóstico precoz, el tratamiento oportuno, y el uso de quimio reducción como terapia inicial en Retinoblastoma intraocular, permiten aumentar la tasa de preservación del globo ocular y reducen o eliminan la necesidad de recibir Terapia radiante externa, evitando sus secuelas (AU)


Retinoblastoma is the most common ocular neoplasia in childhood. External beam radiation therapy was the conservative treatment of choice until a decade ago. Subsequently, chemoreduction was added trying to avoid external beam radiation therapy and its complications. In this retrospective study we assess the results of conservative therapy with external beam radiation therapy or with chemoreduction at the Department of Ophthalmology at the Pediatric Hospital Juan P. Garrahan between 1987 and 2009. Of a total of 571 patients with a diagnosis of retinoblastoma, 341 had unilateral and 217 bilateral retinoblastoma. Of the latter patients, 166 patients were analyzed with a mean age at diagnosis of 12 months. Overall, 332 eyes of 166 patients with bilateral retinoblastoma were treated; at initial treatment 157 eyes (47.3%) underwent chemoreduction, 115 eyes (34.6%) were enucleated, 45 eyes (13.6%) underwent external beam radiation therapy as the only treatment, and 15 eyes (4.5%) only received local treatment (laser or cryotherapy) as a first choice. Data were analyzed using STATA 12.0 stataCorp Texas.USA. Final visual acuity was more than 20/70 in 51.5% and less in 48.5% of the patients. A significant relationship (p=0.005) between stage at diagnosis and final visual acuity was found; patients with visual impairment presented with advanced stages. All enucleated orbits were assessed (157); 74.5% underwent external beam therapy before or after enucleation. Of all irradiated orbits, 24.8% presented with cavity deformity, poor prosthesis fit, or contraction of the socket. Of all patients, 70.1% presented with changes that allowed acceptable fitting of the prosthesis with slight movement limitation and only 6 orbits (5.12%) had a good cavity for cosmetic appearance. Forty of 157 enucleated orbits did not receive radiation therapy at any moment (25.5%); 92.5% of them had a good fitting and in only 7.5% fitting problems due to postoperative complications were found. Early diagnosis, adequate treatment, and use of chemoreduction as initial therapy of intraocular retinoblastoma allow for an increased rate of preservation of the eye and reduce or eliminate the need for external beam therapy and its sequelae (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Eye Enucleation , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Retinal Neoplasms/classification , Retinal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Retinal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Retinoblastoma/drug therapy , Retinoblastoma/radiotherapy , Follow-Up Studies , Retrospective Studies
10.
Front Oncol ; 2: 195, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23267436

ABSTRACT

Immunotherapy targeting ganglioside antigens is a powerful tool for the treatment of high risk neuroblastoma. However, only treatment with anti-GD2 antibodies has been used in clinical practice and other options may be pursued. We report the use of racotumomab, an anti-idiotype vaccine against N-glycolyl neuraminic acid (NeuGc)- containing gangliosides, eliciting an immune response in a child with relapsed neuroblastoma expressing the NeuGcGM3 ganglioside.

11.
Bone Marrow Transplant ; 47(4): 522-7, 2012 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21602901

ABSTRACT

High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by autologous stem cell rescue (ASCR) is the only curative treatment for metastatic retinoblastoma, but its feasibility in developing countries is unknown. We report 11 consecutive children (six unilateral) treated in three South-American middle-income countries with HDC-ASCR. One patient had metastatic retinoblastoma at diagnosis and the remaining ones had a metastatic relapse. Metastatic sites included BM=6, bone=4, orbit=5 and central nervous system (CNS)=4. All patients received induction with conventional chemotherapy achieving CR at a median of 5.7 months from the diagnosis of metastasis. Conditioning regimens included carboplatin and etoposide with thiotepa in six or with CY in four or melphalan in one patient. All patients engrafted after G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood ASCR and no toxic deaths occurred. Two children received post-ASCR CNS radiotherapy. Seven children have disease-free survival (median follow-up 39 months). CNS relapse, isolated (n=3) or with systemic relapse (n=1), occurring at a median of 7 months after ASCT was the most common event. In the same period, five children with metastatic retinoblastoma did not qualify for HDC-ASCR and died. We conclude that HDC-ASCR is a feasible and effective treatment for children with metastatic retinoblastoma in middle-income countries.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Carboplatin/administration & dosage , Etoposide/administration & dosage , Melphalan/administration & dosage , Retinoblastoma/therapy , Stem Cell Transplantation , Transplantation Conditioning/methods , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Neoplasm Metastasis , Retinoblastoma/mortality , Retinoblastoma/pathology , South America , Transplantation, Autologous
12.
Actas Dermosifiliogr ; 101(10): 879-86, 2010 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21159264

ABSTRACT

Paraneoplastic pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease associated with an occult or previously diagnosed tumor. Its clinical, histological, and immunological features have been clearly defined. It is characterized by the presence of polymorphic skin lesions and by erosions of the oral and genital mucosas that are refractory to conventional treatments. The histology can be variable and includes acantholysis or lichenoid dermatitis. Circulating autoantibodies are a constant feature and confirm the diagnosis. We describe 2 girls with paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with Hodgkin lymphoma in one and Castelman disease in the other. Both children had oral and genital lesions that did not respond to conventional treatments. Biopsy revealed acantholysis in one and a lichenoid reaction in the other, and immunoassays confirmed the diagnosis. Chemotherapeutic treatment of the underlying disease was performed in both cases, together with high-dose corticosteroids for the skin and mucosal lesions. Both patients died due to respiratory failure. We suggest that paraneoplastic pemphigus, although rare in childhood and adolescence, should be included in the differential diagnosis of periorificial erosive dermatitis; this may assist in the detection of an occult neoplasm.


Subject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases/pathology , Paraneoplastic Syndromes/pathology , Pemphigus/pathology , Child , Fatal Outcome , Female , Humans
13.
Actas dermo-sifiliogr. (Ed. impr.) ; 101(10): 879-886, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-83503

ABSTRACT

El pénfigo paraneoplásico es una enfermedad ampollosa autoinmune asociada a una neoplasia oculta o previamente diagnosticada, con manifestaciones clínicas, histológicas e inmunológicas bien definidas. Se caracteriza por erosiones de la mucosa orogenital refractarias a los tratamientos convencionales y la presencia de lesiones cutáneas polimorfas. La histología puede ser variada, con presencia de acantólisis o dermatitis liquenoide. La presencia de anticuerpos circulantes es un hallazgo constante que confirma el diagnóstico. Presentamos dos niñas con pénfigo paraneoplásico asociado a linfoma de Hodgkin y enfermedad de Castleman respectivamente. Presentaban compromiso orogenital refractario a tratamientos convencionales. En la histopatología se observó acantólisis y reacción liquenoide respectivamente. Los estudios inmunológicos confirmaron el diagnóstico. Ambas realizaron tratamiento quimioterápico para su enfermedad de base conjuntamente con altas dosis de corticosteroides para sus lesiones cutáneo-mucosas falleciendo por fallo respiratorio. Es de nuestro interés destacar que si bien es infrecuente la presencia de pénfigo paraneoplásico en la edad infantil y en la adolescencia, debe ser tenido en cuenta entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de las dermatosis erosivas periorificiales facilitando, de esta manera, el hallazgo de una neoplasia oculta (AU)


Paraneoplastic pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease associated with an occult or previously diagnosed tumor. Its clinical, histological, and immunological features have been clearly defined. It is characterized by the presence of polymorphic skin lesions and by erosions of the oral and genital mucosas that are refractory to conventional treatments. The histology can be variable and includes acantholysis or lichenoid dermatitis. Circulating autoantibodies are a constant feature and confirm the diagnosis. We describe 2 girls with paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with Hodgkin lymphoma in one and Castelman disease in the other. Both children had oral and genital lesions that did not respond to conventional treatments. Biopsy revealed acantholysis in one and a lichenoid reaction in the other, and immunoassays confirmed the diagnosis. Chemotherapeutic treatment of the underlying disease was performed in both cases, together with high-dose corticosteroids for the skin and mucosal lesions. Both patients died due to respiratory failure. We suggest that paraneoplastic pemphigus, although rare in childhood and adolescence, should be included in the differential diagnosis of periorificial erosive dermatitis; this may assist in the detection of an occult neoplasm (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Pemphigus/complications , Castleman Disease/complications , Hodgkin Disease/complications , Paraneoplastic Syndromes/complications , Multiple Organ Failure/complications , Autoimmune Diseases/complications , Bronchiolitis Obliterans/complications
14.
Br J Ophthalmol ; 94(11): 1432-6, 2010 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20733021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The survival of retinoblastoma in less-developed countries (LDCs) and the impact of socioeconomic variables on survival are not widely available in the literature. METHODS: A systematic review of publications from LDCs was performed. Articles were from multiple databases and written in seven languages. Results were correlated with socioeconomic indicators. Lower-income countries (LICs) and middle-income countries (MICs) were included in our analyses. RESULTS: An analysis of 164 publications including 14,800 patients from 48 LDCs was performed. Twenty-six per cent of the papers were written in languages other than English. Estimated survival in LICs was 40% (range, 23-70%); in lower MICs, 77% (range, 60-92%) and in upper MICs, 79% (range, 54-93%; p = 0.001).Significant differences were also found in the occurrence of metastasis: in LICs, 32% (range, 12-45); in lower MICs, 12% (range, 3-31) and in upper MICs, 9.5% (range, 3-24; p = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, physician density and human development index were significantly associated with survival and metastasis. Maternal mortality rate and per capita health expenditure were significantly associated with treatment refusal. CONCLUSIONS: Important information from LDCs is not always available in English or in major databases. Indicators of socioeconomic development and maternal and infant health were related with outcome.


Subject(s)
Developing Countries , Retinoblastoma/mortality , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Socioeconomic Factors , Survival Rate
16.
Med. infant ; 16(2): 134-138, jun. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-538115

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad linfoproliferativa post trasplante (PTLD) es la neoplasia más frecuente observada en receptores pediátricos de órganos sólidos. Analizamos 883 pacientes trasplantados: 547 trasplantes renales (TxR) y 336 trasplantes hepáticos (TxH). 44 de ellos desarrollaron un PTLD luego de estos procedimientos. La incidencia en TxR fue del 4.02 por ciento (22 de 547) y en TxH de 5.75 por ciento (22 de 336). El tiempo medio de la aparición del PTLD fue de 37.47 más menos 35 meses. Localización: cavun 50 por ciento, adenopatías cervicales 14.4 por ciento, masa abdominal 11.4 por ciento, adenopatías axilares e inguinales 9 por ciento, compromiso del SNC 4.5 por ciento, piso de la boca 4.5 por ciento , higado ortótopico 2.3 por ciento, páncreas 2.3 por ciento, injerto renal 2.3 por ciento. Los diagnósticos histopatológicos obtenidos fueron: hiperplasia plasmocitica 52.3 por ciento, lesiones polimorfas 20.5 por ciento, y lesiones monomorgas (linforma B o Linfoma de células grandes) 27.2 por ciento de los pacientes. El tratamiento indicado incluyó reducción de la inmunosupresión de mantenimiento en todos los pacientes, excéresis en 22 pacientes, anticuerpos antCD20 en 17 de ellos y quimioterapia (régimen de CHOP) en 6 pacientes. La sobrevida fue del 79 por ciento (IC 64 por ciento-88 por ciento) a 5 años de seguimiento. Conclusión: En nuestra serie la incidencia de PTLAD es similar a la de otros autores. La respuesta al tratamiento con disminución de la inmunosupresón, empleo de monoclonales, ha sido satisfactoria. El seguimiento cercano, el alto índice de sospecha para el diagnóstico precóz y la individualización de la inmunosupresión para cada paciente, fueron conductas eficaces.


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Liver Transplantation , Kidney Transplantation , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/diagnosis , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/therapy , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Observational Studies as Topic
17.
Med. infant ; 16(2): 134-138, jun. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-124837

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad linfoproliferativa post trasplante (PTLD) es la neoplasia más frecuente observada en receptores pediátricos de órganos sólidos. Analizamos 883 pacientes trasplantados: 547 trasplantes renales (TxR) y 336 trasplantes hepáticos (TxH). 44 de ellos desarrollaron un PTLD luego de estos procedimientos. La incidencia en TxR fue del 4.02 por ciento (22 de 547) y en TxH de 5.75 por ciento (22 de 336). El tiempo medio de la aparición del PTLD fue de 37.47 más menos 35 meses. Localización: cavun 50 por ciento, adenopatías cervicales 14.4 por ciento, masa abdominal 11.4 por ciento, adenopatías axilares e inguinales 9 por ciento, compromiso del SNC 4.5 por ciento, piso de la boca 4.5 por ciento , higado ortótopico 2.3 por ciento, páncreas 2.3 por ciento, injerto renal 2.3 por ciento. Los diagnósticos histopatológicos obtenidos fueron: hiperplasia plasmocitica 52.3 por ciento, lesiones polimorfas 20.5 por ciento, y lesiones monomorgas (linforma B o Linfoma de células grandes) 27.2 por ciento de los pacientes. El tratamiento indicado incluyó reducción de la inmunosupresión de mantenimiento en todos los pacientes, excéresis en 22 pacientes, anticuerpos antCD20 en 17 de ellos y quimioterapia (régimen de CHOP) en 6 pacientes. La sobrevida fue del 79 por ciento (IC 64 por ciento-88 por ciento) a 5 años de seguimiento. Conclusión: En nuestra serie la incidencia de PTLAD es similar a la de otros autores. La respuesta al tratamiento con disminución de la inmunosupresón, empleo de monoclonales, ha sido satisfactoria. El seguimiento cercano, el alto índice de sospecha para el diagnóstico precóz y la individualización de la inmunosupresión para cada paciente, fueron conductas eficaces.(AU)


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Kidney Transplantation , Liver Transplantation , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/diagnosis , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Studies as Topic , Data Interpretation, Statistical
19.
Med. infant ; 14(2): 87-91, jun. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS, UNISALUD | ID: lil-510150

ABSTRACT

El pronóstico de los niños oncológicos ha mejorado en la últimas décadas, más de un 65 de los pacientes que padecieron alguna forma de cáncer pedíátrico llegara adulto. El objetivo del siguiente trabajo fue la descripción de los resultados de la evaluación y seguimiento a largo plazo de los sobrevivientes de una neoplasia en la infancia. Material y Métodos: Se realizó la evaluación y seguimiento de los sobrevivientes en el período comprendido entre junio de 2003 a mayo de 2006. Se seleccionaron para esta publicación los pacientes ingresados en los protocolos LLA 87, LLA 90 RMS 95. Resultados: el número de pacientes analizados fue de 175 distribuidos 39 mujeres y 61 varones; 17 pacientes RMS, el 65 tenía como localización del sitio primario cabeza y cuello parameningeos, el 80 recibió tratamiento combinado de quimioterapia y radioterapia, el 100 de los parameningeos recibió tratamiento con radioterapia presentaron una o más de las siguientes secuelas: estética, sinusitis crónica, compromiso visual y endocrinológico; 23 pacientes LLA 87, el 5 presento cardiotoxicidad que requirió medicaicón y en el 70 de los pacientes no se detecto nincuna secuela; 135 pacientes LLA 90 el 77 no presento ninguna secuela a largo plazo. Conclusión: El impacto del tratamietno en la calidad de ivda de estos pacintes está siendo evaluada permanentemente para detectar deterioros en las funciones cognitivas, físicas, emocionales y sociales que conllevan a una disminución de la misma. Para ello y esencialmente para ofrecer la mejor calidad de vida posible a los niños curados de cáncer se impone como herramienta un segumiento clínico con enfoque multidisciplinario y muy prolongado en el tiempo.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/therapy , Medical Oncology/methods , Guidelines as Topic , Rhabdomyosarcoma , Physician's Role
20.
Med. infant ; 14(2): 129-133, jun. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS, UNISALUD | ID: lil-510156

ABSTRACT

Estudiar los niveles de topotecan total y lactona en el vitreo luego de la administración periocular en un modelo animal. Material y métodos: Se administró 1 mg de topotecan periocular en ambos ojos a 9 conejos sin retinoblastoma y se midieron niveles en el vitreo a las 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 y 24 horas. Se midieron niveles plasmáticos en 2 animales a las 2 horas. Se midió topotecan total y lactona por HPLC. Todos los animales fueron enucleados al completar el experimento y los ojos fueron examinados patológicamente para evalur toxicidad. Resultados: Tanto el topotecan total como la lactona alcanzaron niveles en el vitreo, mostrando un pico a los 30 minutos de la administración periocular. Los niveles medios en el pico fueron de 158 ng/ml para el topotecan total y 122 ng/ml para el topotecan lactona decayendo con una vida media de 2.44 hs. y 2.8 hs. para el topotecan total y lactona respectivamente. Se encontraron bajos niveles plasmáticos en los 2 animales estudiados a las 2 hs. de la administración de topotecan periocular ((32.0 ng7ml). No se evidencio toxicidad significativa. Conclusiones: En este estudio preliminar, el topotecan mostro lograr pernetrar al vitreo luego de la administración periocular a concentraciones potencialmente tumoricidas. Nuestro grupo proseguirá con estudios más detallados para evaluar su comportamiento famacocinético con el fin de utilizarlo potencialmente en paciente con retinoblastoma.


Subject(s)
Rabbits , Vitreous Body , Retinoblastoma , Topotecan/pharmacokinetics , Topotecan/toxicity , Topotecan/therapeutic use
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