ABSTRACT
Prostate cancer remains the second most common malignancy in men worldwide, is a global health issue, and poses a huge health burden. Precision medicine provides more treatment options for prostate cancer patients, but its popularity, drug resistance, and adverse reactions still need to be focused on. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely accepted as an alternative therapy for cancer, with the advantages of multiple targets, multiple pathways, and low toxicity. We searched the experimental research and clinical practice of CHMs for prostate cancer treatment published in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science in the last five years. We found five CHM formulas and six single CHM extracts as well as 12 CHM-derived compounds, which showed induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest, suppression of angiogenesis, proliferation, and migration of prostate cancer cells, reversal of drug resistance, and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity. The mechanisms of action include the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, AR, EGFR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, which are commonly implicated in the development of prostate cancer. We also summarized the advantages of CHMs in patients with hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer and provided ideas for their further experimental design and application.
ABSTRACT
The most common subtype of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which has a poor prognosis and seriously threatens the health of human beings. The multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment model has gradually become the mainstream of NSCLC treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can be used effectively either as an adjunctive therapy or alone throughout the NSCLC therapy, which has a significant impact on survival, quality of life, and reduction of toxicity. Therefore, this paper reviewed the theoretical basis, the latest clinical application, and combined treatment mechanisms in order to explore the advantage stage of TCM treatment and the synergistic therapeutic mechanisms.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To illustrate the accurate location of Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) as the first-line maintenance therapy in advanced ovarian cancer (AOC). METHODS: Search for eligible studies and calculate clinical outcomes. RESULTS: PARPi as a first-line maintenance treatment significantly prolonged the BRCAmut population and the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) positive population. CONCLUSION: PARPi as first-line maintenance therapy significantly improves the progression-free survival in AOC, especially in the BRCAmut and HRD positive populations. PARPi has been becoming the standard first-line maintenance therapy for AOC.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Ovarian Neoplasms , Humans , Female , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/drug therapy , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and acute ischemic stroke.Methods:The clinical data of 235 patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving MHD were collected in our hospital from March 2018 to October 2021. According to the treatment methods chosen by themselves, these patients were divided into control group ( n=70, only receiving standardized secondary stroke prevention), rt-PA low-dose group ( n=85, receiving rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis, 0.6 mg/kg) and rt-PA standard-dose group ( n=80, receiving rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis, 0.9 mg/kg). The effective rate 24 h after treatment, good efficacy rate 7 d after treatment, and good prognosis rate and mortality 90 d after treatment were used to evaluate the effectiveness. The incidences of intracranial hemorrhage, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and severe extracranial hemorrhage 90 d after treatment were used to evaluate the safety. Results:There was no statistical difference in the good prognosis rate 90 d after treatment among the rt-PA low-dose group, the rt-PA standard-dose group and the control group (71.8%, 68.8%, and 64.3%; P>0.05), but the effective rate 24 h after treatment and good efficacy rate 7 d after treatment in the rt-PA low-dose group and rt-PA standard-dose group (44.7%, 57.7%; 46.3%, 62.5%) were both significantly higher than those in the control group (27.1%, 38.6%; P<0.05). The mortality 90 d after treatment in the rt-PA low-dose group (7.1%) was significantly lower than that in the rt-PA standard-dose group (22.5%) and control group (21.4%, P<0.05). The incidences of intracranial hemorrhage and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in the rt-PA low-dose group (8.2%, 3.5%) were significantly lower than those in the rt-PA standard-dose group (22.5%, 16.3%; P<0.05), and the incidences of extracranial complications and gastrointestinal bleeding (5.9%, 1.2%) were significantly lower than those in the rt-PA standard-dose group (18.8%, 10.0%; P<0.05). Conclusion:Intravenous thrombolytic therapy with 0.6 mg/kg rt-PA is recommended for acute ischemic stroke patients receiving MHD.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate arthroscopic treatment for acute acromioclavicular dislocation by using Twin Tail TightRope combined with distal joint capsular repair. Methods: The clinical data of 40 patients with acromioclavicular dislocation treated between February 2016 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into arthroscopic group (20 cases, using arthroscopic Twin Tail TightRope combined with distal joint capsular repair for anatomical repair of stable structure of acromioclavicular joint) and control group (20 cases, treated with clavicular hook plate internal fixation) according to different surgical methods. There was no significant difference in gender, age, cause of injury, Rockwood classification, time from injury to operation, preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Constant score between the two groups ( P>0.05), which were comparable. Postoperative VAS score and Constant score were used to assess shoulder function and re-dislocation was also observed. Results: The incisions of the two groups healed by first intention, and no early postoperative complications occurred. All patients were followed up 12-18 months (mean, 13.5 months). Postoperative X-ray films showed good anatomical reduction in both groups, but the clavicular hook had a presense in the subacromial space in control group. All patients in arthroscopic group achieved satisfactory shoulder function and returned to work after operation; there was no obvious pain, no complications such as exposure of implant after operation, and no need to remove the implant. In the control group, 4 patients had obvious subacromial impingement pain after operation, and 1 patient had re-dislocation after removal of internal fixator at 1 year after operation; the rest had no complications related to internal fixation, and the internal fixators were removed at 1.0-1.5 years after operation, without re-dislocation. The VAS score and Constant score at 3 months and 1 year after operation in both groups significantly improved when compared with those before operation, and further improved at 1 year after operation ( P<0.05). The VAS score and Constant score at 3 months and 1 year after operation in arthroscopic group were significantly better than those in control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion: Arthroscopic treatment for acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation by using Twin Tail TightRope combined with distal capsular repair is more effective than traditional incision surgery and can obtain more satisfactory results in patient compliance and function recovery because of minimally invasive surgery.