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1.
BMC Genomics ; 25(1): 217, 2024 Feb 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38413905

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The genomic region that lies between the telomere and chromosome body, termed the subtelomere, is heterochromatic, repeat-rich, and frequently undergoes rearrangement. Within this region, large-scale structural changes enable gene diversification, and, as such, large multicopy gene families are often found at the subtelomere. In some parasites, genes associated with proliferation, invasion, and survival are often found in these regions, where they benefit from the subtelomere's highly plastic, rapidly changing nature. The increasing availability of complete (or near complete) parasite genomes provides an opportunity to investigate these typically poorly defined and overlooked genomic regions and potentially reveal relevant gene families necessary for the parasite's lifestyle. RESULTS: Using the latest chromosome-scale genome assembly and hallmark repeat richness observed at chromosome termini, we have identified and characterised the subtelomeres of Schistosoma mansoni, a metazoan parasitic flatworm that infects over 250 million people worldwide. Approximately 12% of the S. mansoni genome is classified as subtelomeric, and, in line with other organisms, we find these regions to be gene-poor but rich in transposable elements. We find that S. mansoni subtelomeres have undergone extensive interchromosomal recombination and that these sites disproportionately contribute to the 2.3% of the genome derived from segmental duplications. This recombination has led to the expansion of subtelomeric gene clusters containing 103 genes, including the immunomodulatory annexins and other gene families with unknown roles. The largest of these is a 49-copy plexin domain-containing protein cluster, exclusively expressed in the tegument-the tissue located at the host-parasite physical interface-of intramolluscan life stages. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that subtelomeric regions act as a genomic playground for trial-and-error of gene duplication and subsequent divergence. Owing to the importance of subtelomeric genes in other parasites, gene families implicated in this subtelomeric expansion within S. mansoni warrant further characterisation for a potential role in parasitism.


Subject(s)
Schistosoma mansoni , Telomere , Humans , Animals , Schistosoma mansoni/genetics , Telomere/genetics , Genomics , Gene Duplication , Multigene Family
2.
Clin Nutr ; 40(3): 895-900, 2021 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33097307

ABSTRACT

There are reports of children COVID-19 or COVID-19 like symptoms with hyperinflammatory multisystem syndrome, ARDS, gastrointestinal and atypical Kawasaki disease presenting to PICU worldwide temporally associated with COVID-19, for which there are important nutrition support considerations. As a result, the European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care - Metabolism, Endocrine and Nutrition group (ESPNIC-MEN) and paediatric nutritionists working in PICUs are being consulted regarding nutrition management of critically ill children with COVID-19 or COVID-19 like symptoms. Therefore, the aim of this short report is to provide a summary of nutrition support recommendations for critically ill children with COVID-19. They are based on the ESPNIC-MEN section recommendations published in January 2020 and surviving sepsis recommendations from February 2020.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/therapy , Nutritional Support/methods , SARS-CoV-2 , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/therapy , Child , Critical Care/methods , Critical Illness , Enteral Nutrition/methods , Humans , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Nutritional Status
3.
J Environ Manage ; 259: 110044, 2020 Apr 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31929029

ABSTRACT

Graphene oxide (GO) is a single-atom-thick sheet of carbon with oxygen-containing functional groups decorating its basal plane and edge sites. Most of its high surface area can be lost due to restacking of individual layers during the synthesis and drying of GO-based bulk sorbents. There is great interest to increase the specific surface area of graphene-based sorbents by introducing organic molecules as "pillaring agents" between GO sheets to hinder the stacking process and create sorbents with elevated surface area. This work synthesizes pillared GO by introducing chitosan (CS), a linear polysaccharide with various molecular weights. A composite of low molecular weight CS at a CS/GO ratio of 0.1 is shown to have the highest specific surface area (up to 70.5 m2/g) in comparison to the medium and high CS molecular weight, pristine GO, and the CS/GO composite materials. The affinity of the optimized GO/CS composites towards benzene, toluene, and naphthalene was evaluated at 19.3 mg/L of organic matter content while altering pH. Sips and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models well described the adsorption behavior, and benzene adsorption performance was reduced at low pH. Related to the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in solution, lower diffusivity constants (k1) in hydrocarbon systems were recorded. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of CS as a potential pillaring agent in CS/GO composites to increase specific surface area and enhance the capture of soluble hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions.


Subject(s)
Graphite , Adsorption , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Oxides , Water
4.
J Cyst Fibros ; 17(1): e1-e4, 2018 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28549610

ABSTRACT

Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects multiple organs including the lung, liver, and pancreas. Lung transplant, liver transplant, and combined lung-liver transplant have become well-established therapies for CF patients with end-stage organ failure. Thus far, however, there has been limited experience with pancreas transplantation in CF. In this report, we detail the clinical history, transplant procedure, and post-operative recovery of a patient who underwent combined lung-liver-pancreas transplant for advanced CF.


Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis , Liver Transplantation/methods , Lung Transplantation/methods , Pancreas Transplantation/methods , Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis , Cystic Fibrosis/genetics , Cystic Fibrosis/physiopathology , Cystic Fibrosis/surgery , Disease Progression , Humans , Liver/physiopathology , Liver/surgery , Lung/physiopathology , Lung/surgery , Male , Pancreas/physiopathology , Pancreas/surgery , Perioperative Care/methods , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
6.
Actas dermo-sifiliogr. (Ed. impr.) ; 108(7): e49-e52, sept. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-166939

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Darier es una genodermatosis autosómica dominante, que se produce por la mutación de un gen, que produce una proteína que interviene en la regulación de los canales de calcio; presenta distintas manifestaciones clínicas y falta de consistencia genotipo/fenotipo. La variante acral hemorrágica se caracteriza por máculas, pápulas, vesículas y/o ampollas hemorrágicas en zonas acrales, puede asociar otras manifestaciones clásicas de la enfermedad de Darier en el mismo paciente o sus familiares; en la histopatología se evidencia disqueratosis y acantólisis suprabasal con formación de lagunas hemorrágicas. Reportamos 3 nuevos casos de esta variante desencadenados por traumatismo y evidenciando buena respuesta con retinoides (AU)


Darier disease is an autosomal-dominant inherited condition caused by mutation of a gene, which produces a protein involved in calcium channel regulation. The disease has a variety of manifestations and lacks consistent genotype-phenotype correlations. Acral hemorrhagic Darier disease causes macules, papules, vesicles and/or hemorrhagic blisters on the extremities. Other classic signs of the disease may be present in the same patient or relatives. Histopathology reveals dyskeratosis and suprabasal acantholysis with hemorrhagic lacunae. We report 3 new cases of this type of Darier disease triggered by injuries. Response to retinoid therapy was good (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Darier Disease/diagnosis , Hemorrhagic Disorders/etiology , Dyskeratosis Congenita/diagnosis , Acantholysis/diagnosis , Genetic Markers/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease
8.
Actas Dermosifiliogr ; 108(7): e49-e52, 2017 Sep.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28407871

ABSTRACT

Darier disease is an autosomal-dominant inherited condition caused by mutation of a gene, which produces a protein involved in calcium channel regulation. The disease has a variety of manifestations and lacks consistent genotype-phenotype correlations. Acral hemorrhagic Darier disease causes macules, papules, vesicles and/or hemorrhagic blisters on the extremities. Other classic signs of the disease may be present in the same patient or relatives. Histopathology reveals dyskeratosis and suprabasal acantholysis with hemorrhagic lacunae. We report 3 new cases of this type of Darier disease triggered by injuries. Response to retinoid therapy was good.


Subject(s)
Darier Disease/etiology , Hand Injuries/complications , Acitretin/therapeutic use , Adult , Darier Disease/drug therapy , Darier Disease/genetics , Darier Disease/pathology , Dermatologic Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Isotretinoin/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Nails, Malformed/etiology , Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/genetics , Seasons , Tretinoin/therapeutic use
10.
Am J Transplant ; 17(4): 1129-1131, 2017 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27873483

ABSTRACT

Lung transplantation using RNA+ hepatitis C (HCV+) donors to seronegative recipients is not currently performed due to the very high risk of transmission. Previous reports have shown poor survival when this practice was applied. The emergence of new direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAA) suggests a high chance of sustained virologic response in immunocompetent patients. We report here successful transplantation of lungs from HCV+ donor to HCV- recipient. The recipient was an HCV- patient with chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Viral transmission occurred early posttransplant but excellent clinical outcomes were observed including elimination of HCV after 12 weeks of treatment using DAAs.


Subject(s)
Graft Survival , Hepatitis C/prevention & control , Lung Transplantation/methods , Tissue Donors , Tissue and Organ Procurement , Transplant Recipients , Adult , Hepacivirus/physiology , Hepatitis C/transmission , Hepatitis C/virology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
11.
Am J Transplant ; 15(2): 417-26, 2015 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25612494

ABSTRACT

Donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) have an adverse effect on short-term and long-term lung transplant outcomes. We implemented a perioperative strategy to treat DSA-positive recipients, leading to equivalent rejection and graft survival outcomes. Pretransplant DSA were identified to HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ antigens. DSA-positive patients were transplanted if panel reactive antibody (PRA) ≥30% or medically urgent and desensitized with perioperative plasma exchange, intravenous immune globulin, antithymocyte globulin (ATG), and mycophenolic acid (MPA). PRA-positive/DSA-negative recipients received MPA. Unsensitized patients received routine cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisone without ATG. From 2008-2011, 340 lung-only first transplants were performed: 53 DSA-positive, 93 PRA-positive/DSA-negative and 194 unsensitized. Thirty-day survival was 96 %/99%/96% in the three groups, respectively. One-year graft survival was 89%/88%/86% (p = 0.47). DSA-positive and PRA-positive/DSA-negative patients were less likely to experience any ≥ grade 2 acute rejection (9% and 9% vs. 18% unsensitized p = 0.04). Maximum predicted forced expiratory volume (1 s) (81%/74%/76%, p = NS) and predicted forced vital capacity (81%/77%/78%, respectively, p = NS) were equivalent between groups. With the application of this perioperative treatment protocol, lung transplantation can be safely performed in DSA/PRA-positive patients, with similar outcomes to unsensitized recipients.


Subject(s)
Desensitization, Immunologic/methods , Graft Survival/physiology , Lung Transplantation/mortality , Lung/physiology , Perioperative Care/methods , Transplant Recipients , Adult , Aged , Antilymphocyte Serum/therapeutic use , Canada , Cohort Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Humans , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Lung/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Mycophenolic Acid/therapeutic use , Plasma Exchange , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Vital Capacity/physiology
12.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 70(4): 1064-7, 2015 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25604745

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The most common mechanism of azole (itraconazole and voriconazole) resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is a mutation at the cyp51A locus. The aim of our study was to determine the rate of cyp51A mutations in lung transplant recipients (LTR) undergoing targeted antifungal prophylaxis with 12 weeks of voriconazole. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study that included 22 LTR with A. fumigatus between October 2008 and November 2011. Of those, 10 LTR were colonized with A. fumigatus and 12 had invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. RESULTS: Four patients were found to have A. fumigatus isolates with a cyp51A mutation, two had colonization and two had invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The remaining 18 LTR had WT cyp51A A. fumigatus isolates. All A. fumigatus isolates (except one due to mixed growth) were tested for antifungal susceptibility. A total of nine LTR were exposed to azoles prior to A. fumigatus isolation for a median duration of 249 (IQR 99-524) days. Azole exposure preceded the isolation of two mutant isolates and seven WT isolates. None of the cyp51A mutant isolates conferred phenotypic resistance to azoles. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted antifungal prophylaxis in LTR did not lead to cyp51A resistance mutations in this cohort. Data on larger cohorts who receive universal antifungal prophylaxis are needed.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Aspergillus fumigatus/enzymology , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics , Fungal Proteins/genetics , Lung Transplantation , Mutation Rate , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/microbiology , Voriconazole/therapeutic use , Aspergillus fumigatus/genetics , Aspergillus fumigatus/isolation & purification , Chemoprevention/methods , Humans , Prospective Studies , Transplant Recipients
13.
Nat Commun ; 4: 2655, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24189627

ABSTRACT

Iron-based superconductors could be useful for electricity distribution and superconducting magnet applications because of their relatively high critical current densities and upper critical fields. SmFeAsO0.8F0.15 is of particular interest as it has the highest transition temperature among these materials. Here we show that by introducing a low density of correlated nano-scale defects into this material by heavy-ion irradiation, we can increase its critical current density to up to 2 × 107 A cm⁻² at 5 K--the highest ever reported for an iron-based superconductor--without reducing its critical temperature of 50 K. We also observe a notable reduction in the thermodynamic superconducting anisotropy, from 8 to 4 upon irradiation. We develop a model based on anisotropic electron scattering that predicts that the superconducting anisotropy can be tailored via correlated defects in semimetallic, fully gapped type II superconductors.

14.
Am J Transplant ; 13(10): 2722-9, 2013 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24007361

ABSTRACT

Primary graft failure and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) limit lung transplant long-term outcomes. Various lung diseases have been correlated with surfactant protein (SP) expression and polymorphisms. We sought to investigate the role of SP expression in lung allografts prior to implantation, in relation to posttransplant outcomes. The expression of SP-(A, B, C, D) mRNA was assayed in 42 allografts. Posttransplant assessments include pulmonary function tests, bronchoscopy, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and biopsies to determine allograft rejection. BALF was assayed for SP-A, SP-D in addition to cytokines IL-8, IL-12 and IL-2. The diagnosis of CLAD was evaluated 6 months after transplantation. Lung allografts with low SP-A mRNA expression prior to implantation reduced survival (Log-rank p < 0.0001). No association was noted for the other SPs. Allografts with low SP-A mRNA had greater IL-2 (p = 0.03) and IL-12 (p < 0.0001) in the BALF and a greater incidence of rejection episodes (p = 0.003). Levels of SP-A mRNA expression were associated with the SP-A2 polymorphisms (p = 0.015). Specifically, genotype 1A1A(0) was associated with lower SP-A mRNA expression (p < 0.05). Lung allografts with low levels of SP-A mRNA expression are associated with reduced survival. Lung allograft SP-A mRNA expression appears to be associated with SP-A gene polymorphisms.


Subject(s)
Graft Rejection/genetics , Lung Diseases/surgery , Lung Transplantation , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A/genetics , Adult , Aged , Allografts , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Cytokines/genetics , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Graft Rejection/diagnosis , Graft Rejection/mortality , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/genetics , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate
15.
Am J Transplant ; 12(7): 1929-35, 2012 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22486950

ABSTRACT

Voriconazole is commonly used for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis in lung transplant recipients. However, the use of voriconazole may at times be limited by the development of hepatotoxicity. Our goal is to determine predictors of voriconazole-associated hepatotoxicity in lung transplant recipients. We conducted a single center retrospective cohort study of lung transplant recipients from 2006 to 2010 who received voriconazole therapy. We compared characteristics of patients who developed hepatotoxicity and those who did not. One hundred five lung transplant recipients received voriconazole. Hepatotoxicity occurred in 51% (54/105) of patients and lead to discontinuation in 34% (36/105). In univariate analysis, age less than 40 years, cystic fibrosis, use of azathioprine, history of liver disease and early initiation of voriconazole were associated with hepatotoxicity. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, perioperative initiation of voriconazole (within 30 days of transplantation) was independently associated with hepatotoxicity (OR 4.37, 95% CI: 1.53-12.43, p = 0.006). The five risk factors identified in the univariate analysis were used to build a K-nearest neighbor algorithm predictive model for hepatotoxicity. This model predicted hepatotoxicity with an accuracy of 70%. Voriconazole therapy initiated within the first 30 days of transplantation is associated with a greater risk of developing hepatotoxicity.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/adverse effects , Liver/drug effects , Lung Transplantation , Pyrimidines/adverse effects , Triazoles/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Voriconazole , Young Adult
16.
Clin Transplant ; 26(1): 34-41, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21272072

ABSTRACT

People with severe cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease with co-existent CF-associated liver disease (CFLD) are often excluded from consideration of sole lung transplantation, largely because of the concerns that they will subsequently develop hepatic decompensation. This retrospective cohort study aimed at determining whether patients with severe cirrhosis caused by CFLD have any differences in perioperative and relevant post-transplant outcomes compared to CF patients without CFLD when undergoing sole lung transplantation. Six patients with CFLD were matched with 18 CF patients without CFLD undergoing sole lung transplant at the same institution. There were no differences in total operative time or intra-operative requirements for cardiopulmonary bypass or blood products. Over a period of five yr post-transplant, no differences were observed between the two groups in body mass index, six-min walk, lung function, and survival. None of the CFLD subjects developed variceal bleeding; however, one developed hepatocellular and renal failure at four yr post-transplant and is being assessed for liver-kidney transplant. One additional patient with CFLD required repeat lung transplantation for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. This study provides evidence that CF patients with liver cirrhosis caused by CFLD can safely be considered for sole lung transplantation provided there is no evidence of significant hepatocellular dysfunction with decompensated cirrhosis or hepatic synthetic failure.


Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis/mortality , Cystic Fibrosis/therapy , Liver Cirrhosis/mortality , Lung Transplantation/mortality , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Cystic Fibrosis/complications , Female , Forced Expiratory Volume , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Young Adult
17.
Mol Biol Evol ; 28(11): 3139-50, 2011 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21616911

ABSTRACT

Whole genome duplication (WGD) and subsequent evolution of gene pairs have been shown to have shaped the present day genomes of most, if not all, plants and to have played an essential role in the evolution of many eukaryotic genomes. Analysis of the rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) genome sequence suggested an ancestral WGD ∼50-70 Ma common to all cereals and a segmental duplication between chromosomes 11 and 12 as recently as 5 Ma. More recent studies based on coding sequences have demonstrated that gene conversion is responsible for the high sequence conservation which suggested such a recent duplication. We previously showed that gene conversion has been a recurrent process throughout the Oryza genus and in closely related species and that orthologous duplicated regions are also highly conserved in other cereal genomes. We have extended these studies to compare megabase regions of genomic (coding and noncoding) sequences between two cultivated (O. sativa, Oryza glaberrima) and one wild (Oryza brachyantha) rice species using a novel approach of topological incongruency. The high levels of intraspecies conservation of both gene and nongene sequences, particularly in O. brachyantha, indicate long-range conversion events less than 4 Ma in all three species. These observations demonstrate megabase-scale conversion initiated within a highly rearranged region located at ∼2.1 Mb from the chromosome termini and emphasize the importance of gene conversion in cereal genome evolution.


Subject(s)
Chromosomes, Plant/genetics , Evolution, Molecular , Gene Conversion/genetics , Oryza/genetics , Recombination, Genetic/genetics , Base Sequence , Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics , Contig Mapping , Genomics , Likelihood Functions , Models, Genetic , Molecular Sequence Data , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Species Specificity
18.
Transpl Infect Dis ; 12(6): 551-4, 2010 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20553438

ABSTRACT

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung transplant recipients infected with Burkholderia cenocepacia have a worse survival rate after lung transplantation than those who are not infected with this organism. The decreased survival is predominantly due to recurrent B. cenocepacia infection, with the majority of affected recipients succumbing within 3 months after transplant. B. cepacia complex (BCC) sepsis is one of the defining criteria for cepacia syndrome, an almost universally fatal necrotizing pneumonic illness. We report 2 CF patients who were long-term survivors of B. cenocepacia sepsis after lung transplantation. The aim of this report is to demonstrate that, although survival of B. cenocepacia sepsis after lung transplantation is extremely uncommon, with aggressive multidisciplinary management, long-term survival remains a realistic objective.


Subject(s)
Burkholderia Infections/mortality , Burkholderia cepacia complex/isolation & purification , Cystic Fibrosis/complications , Cystic Fibrosis/mortality , Lung Transplantation/adverse effects , Sepsis/mortality , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Burkholderia Infections/microbiology , Burkholderia Infections/surgery , Burkholderia cepacia complex/classification , Burkholderia cepacia complex/drug effects , Cystic Fibrosis/drug therapy , Cystic Fibrosis/surgery , Empyema, Pleural/microbiology , Empyema, Pleural/surgery , Female , Humans , Lung/surgery , Lung Abscess/microbiology , Lung Abscess/surgery , Lung Transplantation/mortality , Male , Sepsis/drug therapy , Sepsis/microbiology , Sepsis/surgery , Survival Rate , Survivors , Young Adult
19.
Am J Transplant ; 7(5): 1271-7, 2007 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17456202

ABSTRACT

Selection criteria for organ transplantation have evolved over time. Age has been revisited periodically. We studied the outcome of lung transplant adjusted by age in a single center transplant population. We matched the 42 lung graft recipients older than 60 years transplanted by July 1999 to younger controls by lung disease, transplant era within 2 years, type of transplant and gender. The female to male ratios were 17/25 among the older cohort (median age 61.6 years), and 15/27 (median age 51.9 years) among the matched younger. Survival analysis demonstrated a significant difference: at 1 year, 60% versus 86%, and at 5 years, 37% versus 57%, for older and younger, respectively, p=0.005. Excess annual mortality, calculated with the declining exponential approximation to life expectancy (DEALE), showed an older/younger ratio of 1.9. Eleven deaths occurred within 6 months among the older patients, 10 due to infection. After 6 months, there were 20 more deaths, 6 due to malignancy, 5 to Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS), 3 to infection and 6 to other causes. Among the younger there were 6 deaths within 6 months and 12 more thereafter; among the latter, 8 were due to BOS. Despite stringent selection, lung transplant recipients older than 60 years show increased mortality even after adjusting for their expected higher age-related mortality.


Subject(s)
Lung Transplantation/mortality , Patient Selection , Transplantation/physiology , Adult , Age Factors , Bronchiolitis Obliterans/etiology , Bronchiolitis Obliterans/mortality , Case-Control Studies , Cohort Studies , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Female , Graft Rejection/physiopathology , Humans , Infections/etiology , Infections/mortality , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Lung Transplantation/adverse effects , Lung Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome
20.
Am J Transplant ; 6(8): 1930-8, 2006 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16889547

ABSTRACT

Gastro-esophageal reflux and related pulmonary bile acid aspiration were prospectively investigated as possible contributors to postlung transplant bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). We also studied the impact of aspiration on pulmonary surfactant collectin proteins SP-A and SP-D and on surfactant phospholipids--all important components of innate immunity in the lung. Proximal and distal esophageal 24-h pH testing and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) bile acid assays were performed prospectively at 3-month posttransplant in 50 patients. BALF was also assayed for SP-A, SP-D and phospholipids expressed as ratio to total lipids: phosphatidylcholine; dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylglycerol (PG); phosphatidylinositol; sphingomyelin (SM) and lysophosphatidylcholine. Actuarial freedom from BOS was assessed. Freedom from BOS was reduced in patients with abnormal (proximal and/or distal) esophageal pH findings or BALF bile acids (Log-rank Mantel-Cox p < 0.05). Abnormal pH findings were observed in 72% (8 of 11) of patients with bile acids detected within the BALF. BALF with high levels of bile acids also had significantly lower SP-A, SP-D, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; PG and higher SM levels (Mann-Whitney, p < 0.05). Duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux and consequent aspiration is a risk factor for the development of BOS postlung transplant. Bile acid aspiration is associated with impaired lung allograft innate immunity manifest by reduced surfactant collectins and altered phospholipids.


Subject(s)
Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism , Immunity, Innate/immunology , Lung Transplantation/immunology , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A/immunology , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/immunology , Respiratory Aspiration/physiopathology , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/immunology , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Phosphatidylglycerols/metabolism , Sphingomyelins/metabolism , Transplantation, Homologous/immunology
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