Subject(s)
Blast Injuries/therapy , Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration , Explosions , Mass Casualty Incidents , Awareness , Community Participation , Crowding , Decontamination/methods , Disaster Planning/organization & administration , Emergency Medicine/economics , Emergency Treatment/methods , Humans , Life Support Care/methods , Life Support Care/organization & administration , Professional Practice/organization & administration , Risk Assessment/methods , Safety Management/organization & administration , Transportation of Patients/methods , Transportation of Patients/organization & administration , Triage/methods , Triage/organization & administrationSubject(s)
Blast Injuries/therapy , Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration , Explosions , Mass Casualty Incidents , Abdominal Injuries/etiology , Abdominal Injuries/therapy , Burns/etiology , Burns/therapy , Compartment Syndromes/etiology , Compartment Syndromes/therapy , Craniocerebral Trauma/etiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy , Crush Injuries/etiology , Crush Injuries/therapy , Decontamination/methods , Fluid Therapy/methods , Humans , Lung Injury/etiology , Lung Injury/therapy , Musculoskeletal System/injuries , Resuscitation/methods , Safety Management/methods , Smoke Inhalation Injury/etiology , Smoke Inhalation Injury/therapy , Triage/organization & administration , Tympanic Membrane Perforation/etiology , Tympanic Membrane Perforation/therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Active shooter incidents have led to the recognition that the traditional response paradigm of sequential response and scene entry by law enforcement, first responders, and emergency medical service (EMS) personnel produced delays in care and suboptimal victim outcomes. The Hartford Consensus Group developed recommendations to improve the response to and outcomes from active shooter events and urged that a continuum of care be implemented that incorporates not only EMS response, but also the initiation of care by law enforcement officers and potentially by lay bystanders. OBJECTIVE: To develop and implement tiered educational programs designed to teach police officers and lay bystanders the principles of initial trauma care and bleeding control using as a foundation the U.S. military's Tactical Combat Casualty Care course and the guidelines of the Committee on Tactical Emergency Casualty Care. DISCUSSION: The Tactical Casualty Care for Law Enforcement and First Responders course is a 1-day program combining didactic lecture, hands-on skills stations, and clinical scenarios designed primarily for police officers. The Bleeding Control for the Injured is a 2- to 3-h program for the potential citizen responder in the skills of hemorrhage control. In addition, we document the application of these skills by law enforcement officers and first responders in several real-life incidents involving major hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: Developing and implementing tiered educational programs for hemorrhage control will improve response by police officers and the lay public. Educating law enforcement officers in these skills has been demonstrated to improve trauma victim survival.
Subject(s)
Emergency Medical Services/standards , Emergency Treatment/standards , Firearms , Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Law Enforcement , Traumatology/education , Wounds, Gunshot/therapy , Consensus , Disaster Planning , Humans , United StatesSubject(s)
Emergency Medical Services , Immobilization , Spinal Cord Injuries/prevention & control , Spinal Injuries/prevention & control , Wounds, Penetrating/therapy , Humans , Orthotic Devices , Spinal Cord Injuries/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Injuries/etiology , Spinal Injuries/diagnosis , Spinal Injuries/etiology , Wounds, Penetrating/complications , Wounds, Penetrating/diagnosisABSTRACT
The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma's Advanced Trauma Life Support Course is currently taught in 50 countries. The 8th edition has been revised following broad input by the International ATLS subcommittee. Graded levels of evidence were used to evaluate and approve changes to the course content. New materials related to principles of disaster management have been added. ATLS is a common language teaching one safe way of initial trauma assessment and management.
