ABSTRACT
Thyroid hormone is essential for normal fetal brain development in utero and for the first 2 years of life. The developing fetus is initially reliant upon maternal thyroid hormones that cross the placenta, until the fetal thyroid begins to supply thyroid hormone for the fetus. Maternal thyroid status affects fetal thyroid function and maternal thyroid dysfunction can have a significant impact on the fetus and neonate. There are also several neonatal factors that can influence thyroid function. Here, we describe thyroid function in the fetus and neonate and discuss the most common thyroid disorders seen in neonates.
Subject(s)
Infant, Premature, Diseases/therapy , Thyroid Diseases/congenital , Thyroid Diseases/therapy , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Fetal Development , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Iodine/adverse effects , Iodine/metabolism , Neonatal Screening , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/prevention & control , Thyroid Diseases/etiology , Thyroid Gland/embryology , Thyroid Gland/physiology , Thyroid Hormones/bloodABSTRACT
This chapter represents a selection of 8 clinical scenarios that may commonly be encountered. They help summarize some of the literature and teaching points of the previous chapters. They are not meant to represent every possible presentation of thyroid disease, but rather to present common symptoms and findings that may aid a clinician in making a diagnosis or in selecting initial treatment.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Thyroid Diseases/diagnosis , Thyroid Diseases/therapy , Adult , Antithyroid Agents/therapeutic use , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/diagnosis , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/therapy , Female , Humans , Methimazole/therapeutic use , Preconception Care , Pregnancy , Propylthiouracil/therapeutic use , Thyroid Function TestsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to determine if computerized provider order entry (CPOE) systems impaired or enhanced workflow in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) by comparing the timing of administration of the first dose of antibiotics before and after CPOE system implementation. METHODS: We conducted a pre-post intervention comparative study of the length of time between admission and administration of initial antibiotics in neonates before and after a CPOE system was implemented. Clinical information and timing of antibiotic administration were collected on all inborn infants, who were admitted to the NICU in the first 4h of life and treated with antibiotics, for one year prior to the implementation of computerized order entry and for one year after the implementation. RESULTS: Infants admitted to the NICU were similar in both periods (mean birth weight 2183 g vs. 2091 g, gestational age 33.3 weeks vs. 33.0 weeks). There was no significant difference in mean length of time from admission to antibiotic administration in the pre-CPOE group (131 min [CI 124-139]) compared to the post-CPOE group (125 min [CI 116-133]) (p=0.07). The mean time to pharmacy verification for a subset of patients was significantly shorter for patients in the post-CPOE group (61 ± 58 min) compared to the pre-CPOE group (88 ± 76 min) (p=<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: While the introduction of a CPOE system in the NICU did not significantly improve antibiotic administration times, the timeliness of an important aspect of the medication process, time to pharmacy verification, was improved. These findings imply other factors are impeding workflow. Further studies are needed to evaluate how CPOE systems combined with patient care activities affect workflow and overall patient care.
