ABSTRACT
Abstract ECO92, a United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, hosted by Brazil in 1992 was a catalyst for much activity on biodiversity in the State of São Paulo and eventually led to the establishment of BIOTA-FAPESP. BIOTA-FAPESP quickly evolved into a world-leading research program that has broadened to cover all aspects of biodiversity in the State from genes through species and to ecosystems and the interactions between them. Through the funding of multi-disciplinary projects, the development of collaborative links within the State, nationally and internationally, and the astute use of databases to link the program's project outputs it has set a platform for filling the biodiversity knowledge gaps. Having achieved much in the last two decades, it still has some way to go, but the stage is set.
A ECO92, Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, realizada no Brasil em 1992, foi catalisadora de muita atividade sobre a biodiversidade no Estado de São Paulo e levou à criação do Programa BIOTA-FAPESP. O BIOTA-FAPESP rapidamente evoluiu para um programa de pesquisa líder mundial que se ampliou para cobrir todos os aspectos da biodiversidade do Estado, desde os genes, passando pelas espécies, até os ecossistemas e as interações entre eles. Por meio do financiamento de projetos multidisciplinares, do desenvolvimento de parcerias e colaborações estaduais, nacionais e internacionais, e do uso engenhoso de bancos de dados para integrar os resultados dos projetos do programa, o programa estabeleceu uma plataforma para preencher as lacunas de conhecimento da biodiversidade. O Programa BIOTA-FAPESP realizou muito nas últimas duas décadas e ainda tem um caminho a percorrer, mas a estrada já está pavimentada.
ABSTRACT
Building on centuries of research based on herbarium specimens gathered through time and around the globe, a new era of discovery, synthesis, and prediction using digitized collections data has begun. This paper provides an overview of how aggregated, open access botanical and associated biological, environmental, and ecological data sets, from genes to the ecosystem, can be used to document the impacts of global change on communities, organisms, and society; predict future impacts; and help to drive the remediation of change. Advocacy for botanical collections and their expansion is needed, including ongoing digitization and online publishing. The addition of non-traditional digitized data fields, user annotation capability, and born-digital field data collection enables the rapid access of rich, digitally available data sets for research, education, informed decision-making, and other scholarly and creative activities. Researchers are receiving enormous benefits from data aggregators including the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio), the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA), and the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), but effective collaboration around data infrastructures is needed when working with large and disparate data sets. Tools for data discovery, visualization, analysis, and skills training are increasingly important for inspiring novel research that improves the intrinsic value of physical and digital botanical collections.
