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1.
Pediatr Emerg Care ; 2023 Nov 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37972994

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Recent clinical practice guidelines recommend that decisions regarding lumbar puncture (LP) for febrile infants older than 28 days should no longer be based on urinalysis results, but rather independently determined by inflammatory markers and sometimes guided by shared decision-making (SDM). This study sought to assess management decisions for febrile infants aged 29 to 60 days with an abnormal urinalysis. METHODS: A scenario-based survey was sent to emergency department physicians at all 15 Canadian tertiary pediatric centers. Participants were asked questions regarding management decisions when presented with a well-appearing febrile infant in the second month of life with either an abnormal or normal urinalysis. RESULTS: Response rate was 50.2% (n = 116/231). Overall, few respondents would perform an LP based on either an abnormal or normal urinalysis alone (10.3% and 6.0%, respectively). However, regression analysis demonstrated that decisions regarding LP were influenced by urinalysis results (P < 0.001), with respondents more likely to defer to inflammatory marker results for infants with a normal urinalysis result (57.8%) compared with those with an abnormal urinalysis (28.4%). Hospitalization (62.1%) and empiric antibiotic treatment by intravenous route (87.9%) were both frequent for low-risk infants with an abnormal urinalysis. Nearly half of respondents reported rarely (<25% of encounters) engaging families in SDM regarding LP decisions. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge translation initiatives reflecting current evidence should target use of inflammatory markers rather than urinalysis results to guide decisions regarding LP. Efforts emphasizing outpatient management with oral antibiotics and SDM for low-risk infants with an abnormal urinalysis could also further align management with current evidence and guidelines.

2.
Can J Anaesth ; 70(11): 1839-1844, 2023 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37789220

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Timely diagnosis of perioperative stroke is challenging, and therapeutic interventions are infrequently offered. The cortical hand syndrome is a rare stroke presentation that results from infarction of the precentral gyrus leading to variable neurologic deficits mimicking peripheral nerve injuries, with no prior reports in the perioperative setting. To raise awareness of this complication among anesthesiologists, we present a case of cortical hand syndrome in a surgical patient initially suspected to have a peripheral neuropathy. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 68-yr-old male with multiple stroke risk factors underwent a nephroureterectomy under general anesthesia and thoracic epidural analgesia for urothelial carcinoma. The patient noted right-hand numbness and weakness to digits 3-5 immediately after surgery and notified his bedside nurse the following day. His symptoms were initially presumed to be a peripheral neuropathy secondary to surgical positioning. Computed tomography of the head the following day revealed an acute cortical infarct in the precentral gyrus consistent with cortical hand stroke syndrome. Subsequent neurologic consultation revealed additional subtle right-sided weakness. Further workup revealed moderate (60-80%) stenosis of the left carotid artery and he underwent a successful carotid endarterectomy one week later. His symptoms had mostly resolved six weeks later. CONCLUSION: Cortical hand stroke syndrome is a rare presentation of perioperative stroke that may be misdiagnosed as a peripheral neuropathy. Our case presentation highlights that perioperative stroke should be considered for patients presenting with neurologic deficits of the hand, particularly those with deficits in multiple peripheral nerve territories and stroke risk factors.


RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Le diagnostic rapide de l'accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) périopératoire est difficile, et les interventions thérapeutiques sont rarement proposées. Le syndrome de la main corticale est une présentation rare de l'AVC qui résulte d'un infarctus du gyrus précentral entraînant des déficits neurologiques variables imitant les lésions nerveuses périphériques, sans avoir été préalablement rapporté dans le cadre périopératoire. Afin de sensibiliser les anesthésiologistes à cette complication, nous présentons un cas de syndrome de la main corticale chez un patient chirurgical chez lequel une neuropathie périphérique était initialement suspectée. CARACTéRISTIQUES CLINIQUES: Un homme de 68 ans présentant de multiples facteurs de risque d'AVC a subi une néphro-urétérectomie sous anesthésie générale et une analgésie péridurale thoracique pour un carcinome urothélial. Le patient a remarqué un engourdissement et une faiblesse de la main droite du majeur à l'auriculaire immédiatement après la chirurgie et a avisé le personnel infirmier à son chevet le lendemain. On a d'abord présumé que ses symptômes indiquaient une neuropathie périphérique secondaire au positionnement chirurgical. La tomodensitométrie de la tête réalisée le lendemain a révélé un infarctus cortical aigu dans le gyrus précentral, compatible avec un syndrome d'AVC de la main corticale. Une consultation neurologique ultérieure a révélé une faiblesse subtile supplémentaire du côté droit. Un examen plus approfondi a révélé une sténose modérée (60 à 80 %) de l'artère carotide gauche et le patient a bénéficié d' une endartériectomie carotidienne réussie une semaine plus tard. Ses symptômes avaient pour la plupart disparu six semaines plus tard. CONCLUSION: Le syndrome de l'AVC de la main corticale est une présentation rare d'AVC périopératoire qui peut être diagnostiqué à tort comme une neuropathie périphérique. Notre présentation de cas souligne que l'AVC périopératoire devrait être envisagé chez les patient·es présentant des déficits neurologiques de la main, en particulier chez les personnes présentant des déficits dans plusieurs territoires nerveux périphériques et des facteurs de risque d'AVC.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell , Endarterectomy, Carotid , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases , Stroke , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Humans , Male , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/complications , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/complications , Stroke/diagnosis , Stroke/etiology , Upper Extremity , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Endarterectomy, Carotid/adverse effects
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