ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in the population of Martinique, as part of the survey entitled 'Mental Health in the General Population - Images and Realities ' (Santé Mentale en Population Générale - Images et Réalités). The survey was a multicentre epidemiological study in the general population, conducted in mainland France and French overseas islands between 1997 and 2006, under the authority of the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Mental Health (Lille, France). Methods: The study took place in 2000. Participants aged 18 years or over were recruited in public places, using the quota sampling method, and interviewed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Results: A total of 900 participants (52.7% women) with a mean age of 43 years completed the survey. Lifetime prevalence of any mental disorder was 29%. Mood (15%) and anxiety disorders (17%) were the most frequent. The rate of suicide attempts was low (4.2% lifetime), while the frequency of suicidal thoughts was high (11% past month) and similar to the frequency in mainland France. Conclusion: Mental disorders, especially mood and anxiety disorders, were as frequent in Martinique as in mainland France. The lower rates of suicide attempts, in spite of high rates of suicidal thoughts, might deserve further investigation. Our results should strengthen the development of a system of diagnosis and care for these disorders, especially to prevent suicidal behaviours and reduce morbidity and mortality.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo por objeto estimar la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales en la población de Martinica, como parte de la encuesta intitulada 'Salud Mental en la Población General - Imágenes y Realidades ' (Santé mentale at Population Générale - Images et Réalités). La encuesta fue un estudio epidemiológico multicéntrico en la población general, realizado en Francia continental y en las islas francesas de ultramar entre 1997 y 2006, bajo la autoridad del Centro de Colaboración de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para la Formación y la Investigación de la Salud Mental (Lille, Francia). Métodos: El estudio tuvo lugar en el año 2000. Los participantes mayores de 18 años fueron reclutados en lugares públicos, utilizando el método de muestreo por cuotas, y entrevistados usando la Mini Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional. Resultados: Un total de 900 participantes (52.7% mujeres) con edad promedio de 43 años completó la encuesta. La prevalencia de por vida de cualquier trastorno mental fue de 29%. Los estados de ánimo (15%) y los trastornos de ansiedad (17%) fueron los más frecuentes. La tasa de intentos de suicidio fue baja (4.2% por tiempo de vida), mientras que la frecuencia de los pensamientos suicidas fue alta (11% el mes pasado) y similar a la frecuencia en la Francia continental. Conclusión: Los trastornos mentales, especialmente los estados de ánimo y los trastornos de ansiedad, eran tan frecuentes en Martinica como en la Francia continental. Las tasas más bajas de intentos de suicidio, a pesar de los altos índices de pensamientos suicidas, podrían merecer investigación adicional. Nuestros resultados deben fortalecer el desarrollo de un sistema de diagnóstico y cuidado para estos trastornos, especialmente para prevenir comportamientos suicidas y reducir la morbilidad y la mortalidad.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Prevalence , Health Surveys , Martinique/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Owing to their agonist action on dopaminergic systems, cannabinoids may play a major role in substance dependency and schizophrenia. We examined the (AAT)n triplet repeat polymorphism nearby the CNR1 gene, which encodes human cannabinoid (CB1) receptor, in a male Afro-Caribbean population. The allelic and genotypic distributions were significantly different in non-schizophrenic cocaine dependents (n = 97), schizophrenic cocaine dependents (n = 45) and matched controls (n = 88) (P < 10(-4)). The frequency of the (AAT)12 repeat allele was increased in non-schizophrenic cocaine dependents and schizophrenic cocaine dependents vs controls (25.3 and 26.7 vs 5.7%) (P < 10(-4)). Our results support that the (AAT)n polymorphism nearby the CNR1 gene could be associated with predisposition to cocaine dependency.
Subject(s)
Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics , Cocaine-Related Disorders/genetics , Neuropeptides/genetics , Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics , Schizophrenia/genetics , Trinucleotide Repeats/genetics , Adult , Animals , Black People/ethnology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/complications , Cocaine-Related Disorders/ethnology , DNA/analysis , Female , Gene Frequency , Humans , Male , Martinique/epidemiology , Polymorphism, Genetic , Protocadherins , Schizophrenia/complications , Schizophrenia/ethnologySubject(s)
Substance-Related Disorders/etiology , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Amphetamines , Cannabis , Central Nervous System Stimulants , Crack Cocaine , France/epidemiology , Hallucinogens , Humans , N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiologySubject(s)
Methadone/therapeutic use , Substance-Related Disorders/rehabilitation , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Disease Susceptibility , Drug Prescriptions , Family Practice , France , Humans , Legislation, Drug , Psychotherapy , Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Substance-Related Disorders/therapySubject(s)
Family , Heroin Dependence/psychology , Adolescent , Heroin/administration & dosage , Humans , Personality , Social ConditionsSubject(s)
Heroin Dependence/psychology , Psychology, Adolescent , Taboo , Adolescent , Adult , Ceremonial Behavior , Culture , Ego , Female , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Peer GroupABSTRACT
Of the synchroness slowing down of electrographic waves in animal experimently intoxicated with morphinic substances corresponds with the occurrance of addiction and tolerance to the products. In human's the progressive tolerance of the product can also be seen in course. This tolerance is accompagned by signs of dysfonction which question addiction to the product and its toxicity. Some of these signs are more specifically found in heroïnism.
Subject(s)
Electroencephalography , Heroin Dependence/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Drug Tolerance , Female , Humans , Male , Morphine/pharmacology , RatsSubject(s)
Heroin Dependence/rehabilitation , Rehabilitation Centers , France , Heroin Dependence/therapy , HumansABSTRACT
The authors examine three situations in which the physician intervenes between the delinquent and his judge. 1) The Drug Addicts: it is important to distinguish in behavioural disturbances the difference between delinquency and addiction. According to the Law of the 31st of December 1970, the physician becomes an auxiliary to the judicial process. In fact, the opportunity of such an encounter between the physician and the addict can be beneficial to both of them. 2) The juvenile delinquent: The assumed responsibility of the juvenile delinquent falls, on one hand, on the care of his personality, and on the other hand, on his way of life. 3) Article 64 of the Penal Code: this determines the responsibility or the irresponsibility of the delinquent depending upon eventual mental disease. The doctor's position is delicate, in certain cases, it is important to avoid excessive medicalization of a social problem, in others it is necessary to advise the appointment of an expert.
