ABSTRACT
During the summer of 2014, all the pre-requisites for autochthonous transmission of chikungunya virus are present in southern France: a competent vector, Aedes albopictus, and a large number of travellers returning from the French Caribbean islands where an outbreak is occurring. We describe the system implemented for the surveillance of chikungunya and dengue in mainland France. From 2 May to 4 July 2014, there were 126 laboratory-confirmed imported chikungunya cases in mainland France.
Subject(s)
Alphavirus Infections/epidemiology , Dengue/epidemiology , Sentinel Surveillance , Travel , Aedes/virology , Alphavirus Infections/transmission , Animals , Chikungunya Fever , Chikungunya virus , Dengue/transmission , Disease Outbreaks , France/epidemiology , Humans , Insect Vectors , Mandatory ReportingSubject(s)
Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , Mandatory Reporting , Measles virus/isolation & purification , Measles/diagnosis , Measles/epidemiology , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross Infection , Female , France/epidemiology , Health Personnel , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Male , Measles/prevention & control , Measles/virology , Measles Vaccine/administration & dosage , Measles virus/genetics , Middle Aged , Population Surveillance , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sex Distribution , Young AdultABSTRACT
In September 2010, two cases of autochthonous dengue fever were diagnosed in metropolitan France for the first time. The cases occurring in Nice, southeast France, where Aedes albopictus is established, are evidence of dengue virus circulation in this area. This local transmission of dengue calls for further enhanced surveillance, active case finding and vector control measures to reduce the spread of the virus and the risk of an epidemic.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Viral/blood , Dengue Virus/isolation & purification , Dengue/diagnosis , Adolescent , Dengue/transmission , Dengue Virus/genetics , Dengue Virus/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , France , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Molecular Typing , Population Surveillance , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
An outbreak of 538 cases of trichinellosis occurred in France in December 1993. Seven cases developed neurotrichinosis and 23 had cardiologic complications. No deaths were recorded. Two patients had a positive muscle biopsy showing living Trichinella larvae. One of them was typed as Trichinella spiralis. A case-control study showed that horse meat was the only meat associated with illness (odds ratio = 80.7). The risk of illness increased with the amount of horse meat eaten and when it was consumed raw. The cases, which were spread out in five foci, bought horse meat from five butchers who had received parts of a single horse carcass imported in November 1993 from Canada. The Trichinella International Screening Program, implemented since 1985 after two similar episodes involving a thousand cases, failed to detect the incriminated horse carcass. This new horse meat-related outbreak led to modifications of the internationally recommended screening methods whereby the weight of meat samples tested was increased.
