ABSTRACT
Human polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) viability, morphology, adherence, chemotaxis, oxidative metabolism, degranulation and phagocytosis were evaluated following treatment with sanguinarine (SANG). SANG was noncytotoxic to PMNs at all concentrations tested (0.31-200 microM). SANG entered the PMNs rapidly without altering the membrane fluidity and localized in the nuclear matrix. SANG (1.56-6.21 microM) inhibited chemotaxis, chemokinesis and adhesion in a dose-dependent manner, with a complete inhibition at 6.2 microM concentration. Concentrations of SANG up to 1.56 microM did not affect PMN oxidative burst; however, higher concentrations were found to inhibit basal as well as PMA-induced superoxide anion generation. The effect of SANG was time- and dose-dependent, and could be reversed if the PMNs were exposed to 12.5 microM or lower concentrations of SANG for less than 5 min. Autologous serum increased the tolerance of PMNs to SANG. Exogenous Ca2+ or Mg2+ did not alter the SANG-mediated inhibition of PMN functions. Treatment of PMNs with 3.12 microM or higher concentrations of SANG also resulted in inhibition of PMN degranulation and phagocytosis. The results suggest that SANG-mediated inhibition of PMN functions, without cytolysis or resultant release of inflammatory mediators, may have clinical implications.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Neutrophils/drug effects , Benzophenanthridines , Cell Adhesion/drug effects , Cell Degranulation/drug effects , Chemotaxis/drug effects , Humans , Isoquinolines , Membrane Fluidity/drug effects , Phagocytosis/drug effects , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction is the in vitro expression of the regulation of the immune response. This article deals with the current knowledge of the subject and try to demonstrate that the mixed lymphocyte reaction is modified during some of the periodontal diseases.
Subject(s)
Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed , Lymphocytes/immunology , Periodontal Diseases/immunology , Humans , Lymphocyte Activation , T-Lymphocytes/immunologyABSTRACT
The popularity of polishing air devices (AP) is rising with the increased distribution of commercial units in both United States and European dental offices and clinics. The instrument's efficiency and effectiveness in stain removal has been demonstrated with minimal impact on soft tissue trauma and abrasion. This article reviews the literature on AP. Future research is indicated to explore surgical clinical applications of airpowder polishing as well as more detailed information regarding the biological basis for its use.
Subject(s)
Dental Prophylaxis/instrumentation , Tooth Discoloration/therapy , Air , Bicarbonates/administration & dosage , Dental Prophylaxis/adverse effects , Humans , Sodium/administration & dosage , Sodium Bicarbonate , Tooth Abrasion/etiologyABSTRACT
Since the last 15 years, tremendous progress have been made on epidemiology, microbiology, natural history, immunology, and periodontal tissue response to different treatment modalities. Thus, we are able to suggest today a relatively new classification of the different periodontal diseases far from the one based on the concept of "the periodontal disease". This article aims to help clinicians in understanding the classification of such diseases allowing better treatment and eventually better results.
Subject(s)
Periodontal Diseases/classification , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Gingivitis/classification , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Periodontal Diseases/immunologyABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between dental plaque and the oxidative metabolism of blood (PB), crevicular (CR) and salivary (SAL) PMN. Data indicated that supragingival plaque induced an in vitro production of chemiluminescence by both PB and CR--PMN in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum activity after 30 min incubation. Comparison between PB, CR and SAL-PMNs indicated that 1) both CR and SAL-PMNs spontaneously produced large quantities of oxygen radicals, 2) CR and SAL-PMNs further produced oxygen radicals upon phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized-zymosan stimulation, and 3) SAL-PMN could not be further activated by supragingival plaque.
Subject(s)
Dental Plaque/immunology , Neutrophil Activation , Gingival Crevicular Fluid/immunology , Humans , Luminescent Measurements , Microscopy, Electron , Neutrophils/metabolism , Neutrophils/ultrastructure , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Respiratory Burst , Saliva/immunologyABSTRACT
In this study, the gingival condition of patients with neutrophil dysfunction has been evaluated. The data demonstrate increased gingival disease as well as oral ulcerations in patients with neutrophil dysfunction syndromes and are consistent with a critical role of neutrophils in oral health.
Subject(s)
Gingivitis/etiology , Neutrophils/immunology , Phagocyte Bactericidal Dysfunction/complications , Stomatitis, Aphthous/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Chediak-Higashi Syndrome/complications , Chemotaxis, Leukocyte , Child , Female , Gingivitis/immunology , Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/complications , Humans , Job Syndrome/complications , Male , Stomatitis, Aphthous/immunologyABSTRACT
Human epidermal cell thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF) derived from either normal epidermal cells or a squamous cell carcinoma cell line has recently been shown to be a low m.w. protein that is indistinguishable from human macrophage-derived interleukin 1 (IL 1). As with human IL 1, human ETAF elutes from Sephadex S-200 gel in two major peaks at m.w. 70,000 to 40,000 and m.w. 25,000 to 12,000. Rechromatography of the higher m.w. fraction of ETAF yielded some of the lower m.w. activity, and chromatofocusing of high m.w. ETAF yielded the same three isoelectric points as the lower m.w. ETAF. Partially purified human ETAF as well as IL 1 were chemotactic for polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes. In addition, exposure of PMN to ETAF stimulated increased metabolic activity as demonstrated by greater reduction of intracellular nitroblue tetrazolium. Therefore, this study lends further support for an important role of ETAF in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.
Subject(s)
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects , Interleukin-1/pharmacology , Chromatography, Gel , Humans , Molecular Weight , Monocytes/drug effects , Neutrophils/drug effectsABSTRACT
In this study, human gingival fluid from normal subjects was shown to contain a low-molecular-weight factor (molecular weight, 10,000 to 25,000) which augmented murine thymocyte proliferation, enhanced the production of interleukin 2 by T lymphocytes, and augmented the proliferation of fibroblasts. These biochemical and biological properties are characteristic of both macrophage-derived interleukin 1 and epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor. In addition, we have established that epidermal thymocyte-activating factor or interleukin 1 or both are present to a greater extent in gingival fluid obtained from sites manifesting gingival inflammation. In fact, thymocyte-activating activities were found to be greater in gingival fluid from inflamed than from noninflamed gingival sites from the same subjects. These findings suggest that human gingival fluid contains epidermal thymocyte-activating factor or interleukin 1 or both, which may amplify the inflammatory response in periodontal tissues.
