In essential hypertension, a change in the renal resistive index is associated with a change in the ratio of 24-hour diastolic to systolic blood pressure.

An increase in the renal resistive index (RRI) in patients with essential hypertension (EH) predicts deterioration in renal function. In patients with EH, changes in hemodynamic parameters significantly affect the RRI. This study aimed to define changes in Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) parameters that are significantly associated with a change in RRI in patients with EH. We evaluated ABPM and the RRI in 96 patients with EH without organ extrarenal changes at baseline and after two years of follow-up. The relationships between changes in ABPM parameters and the RRI over the period were evaluated. After two years of follow-up, the increase in RRI was consequential. Simultaneously, 24-h systolic blood pressure increased significantly and 24-h diastolic blood pressure decreased. In the whole group and in the group with calculated cystatin C clearance (eGFRcyst) >/=90 ml/min/1.73 m2, the change in RRI significantly negatively correlated with the change in the ratio of 24-h diastolic to systolic blood pressure (D/S ratio), but also with the change in 24-h pulse blood pressure. However, in patients with eGFRcyst>90 ml/min/1.73 m2, only the change in the 24-h D/S ratio significantly correlated with the change in RRI. Based on the backward stepwise regression analysis, the change in RRI was significantly dependent only on the change in 24-h D/S ratio and not on the change in 24-h pulse pressure. A change in the ratio of diastolic to systolic pressure better reflects a change in RRI than a change in pulse pressure.

A complex four-point method for the evaluation of ohmic and faradaic losses within a redox flow battery single-cell.

We propose a complex 4-point method for characterization of flow batteries. The distribution of ohmic and faradaic losses within a single-cell is evaluated from electrochemical impedance spectra and load curves of positive and negative half-cells measured with platinum wire pseudo-reference electrodes positioned in respective electrode compartment. The developed method can be used e.g., for the component screening and in-situ durability studies on single-cell scale. The method was validated on a vanadium redox flow battery single-cell; however, it can be analogically employed for various chemistries of flow battery. •Complex 4-point method for characterization of flow battery single-cell was developed.•Method is based on electrochemical impedance spectra and load curve measurements.•Direct evaluation of ohmic and faradaic losses distribution within battery single-cell by the method.

ECG body surface mapping in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and optimal metabolic compensation.

Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) events compared with women without GDM. The aim of the present study was to evaluate 200 parameters of the heart electric field in 35 women with GDM under optimal glycemic compensation compared to 32 healthy pregnant women. All examinations were performed in the 36th week of gestation. The parameters in ECG body surface mapping (BSM) were registered by the diagnostic system Cardiag 112.2. The absolute values of maximum and minimum in depolarization and repolarization isopotential, isointegral and isoarea maps were not significantly different between the groups. These findings correspond to the result of heart rate variability examination. However BSM revealed the significant prolongation of QRS complex (p=0.05), shortening of ventricular myocardial activation time (ICHVAT) (p=0.01), prolongation of mean QT duration (p=0.01) and increase of QT interval dispersion (p=0.01) in women with GDM. Duration of QRS and ICHVAT significantly correlated with interventricular septum and posterior wall thickness in GDM group, QTd interval correlated significantly with HbA1C level. We conclude that despite of optimal metabolic control several significant abnormalities detected by ECG BSM are still present in patients with GDM.

Flow-mediated vasodilatation in the patients with anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: To compare flow-mediated vasodilatation in patients with anorexia nervosa and healthy subjects. BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction is present in the patients with anorexia nervosa. However, flow-mediated vasodilatation in the patients with anorexia nervosa in comparison with control subjects has not been yet evaluated. METHODS: Flow-mediated vasodilatation in the brachial artery was examined in 30 patients with anorexia nervosa admitted to metabolic care unit for realimentation and compared to 30 control subjects. RESULTS: The average age of the patients with mental anorexia was 25.0±5.2 compared to 25.5±4.5 years of the healthy control subjects (NS). BMI was in 14.0±1.7 kg/m2 in patients with anorexia nervosa comparing to 20.4±1.0 kg/m2 in the healthy control subjects (p<0.001). The baseline mean diameter of the right brachial artery was 0.33±0.06 cm in the anorexia nervosa patients and 0.35±0.05 cm in the control subjects (NS). The absolute increase of brachial artery size after reactive hyperemia was 0.029±0.006 cm (9%) in the anorexia nervosa patients and 0.039±0.006 cm (11 %) in the control subjects (p=0.002). After realimentation, the baseline mean diameter of the right brachial artery was comparable to the result before nutrition intervention - 0.34±0.05 cm but brachial artery increase due to reactive hyperemia was 0.036±0.05 cm (10.5 %). It was for 19 % higher compared to the first examination (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Flow-mediated vasodilatation is decreased in the patients with anorexia nervosa in comparison with the healthy control subjects and improves after realimentation (Tab. 1, Ref. 20).

Evaluation of the three-year experience with all-ceramic crowns with polycrystalline ceramic cores.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of all-ceramic crowns three years after placement of the restoration in the oral cavity. The aim of the present clinical study were surveyed the Procera®, Cercon® and LAVA™ systems. In total, 121 crowns were followed in 33 patients (7 men and 26 women) with an average age of 53.5 years. The eighty crowns were placed in anterior and forty one crowns in posterior teeth. The crowns were fabricated in two dental laboratories and delivered in two private dental practices. The clinical trial was conducted according to American Dental Association guidelines. The patients were requested to provide their consent to the regular clinical examination including radiographic and photographic records. A total of 102 crowns were made of zirconium oxide ceramic cores - 58 Cercon®; 43 LAVA™, while 19 crowns were made of aluminum oxide cores Procera®. The veneering ceramic LAVA™ Ceram was used. The success rate was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier statistics and, in our case, the overall three-year success rate reached 96.7%. All-ceramic crowns with polycrystalline ceramic cores have low susceptibility to fracture, in this study just 3.3%.

QT dispersion and electrocardiographic changes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents additional risks to both mother and infant. Moreover it increases a woman's risk of cardiovascular disease in the postpartum. The aim of our study was therefore to detect changes of both the QT dispersion and the electrical heart field that could be typical for GDM. Body surface potential maps were obtained using the Cardiac 112.2 device from 26 young women with GDM and 54 young healthy pregnant women in the 36th week of pregnancy. The same recordings were obtained from 18 healthy women in the same age (19-36 years). The average QT dispersion (±SD) in women suffering from GDM was significantly higher (107 ± 25 ms) both than in those with physiological pregnancy (73 ± 18 ms) and than in the normal subjects (34 ± 12 ms) (P<0.001). Moreover we have found in GDM patients shorter QRS complex 82.0 ± 6.8 ms vs. 89.5 ± 8.2 ms in healthy pregnant women and 90.8 ± 7.9 ms in the control group (p=0.011), more horizontal electrical heart axis [16.4 ± 20.1° vs. 42.4 ± 28.7° and 74.6 ± 39.2° respectively (P<0.05)] and lower some depolarization and repolarization amplitudes on isopotential and isointegral maps. According to these results we suppose that described electrocardiographic changes reflect a deterioration of the complete process of ventricular depolarization and repolarization in GDM.

Plasma adrenomedullin and subclinical cardiorenal syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether plasma adrenomedullin is involved in the previously reported significant inverse correlation between left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure (peak velocity of early transmitral flow/peak velocity of early diastolic mitral annular motion ratio [E/E' ]) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, mild-to-moderate renal function impairment and LV relaxation impairment (E'≤7.1 cm/s). METHODS: Plasma adrenomedullin concentration, E/E' and eGFR were assessed in 82 patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: Plasma adrenomedullin concentration was positively correlated with eGFR in patients with or without LV relaxation impairment, and inversely correlated with E/E' in patients with LV relaxation impairment. Multivariate linear regression analysis supported a role for plasma adrenomedullin in the association between E/E' and eGFR. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that adrenomedullin modulates the interaction between the heart and kidneys in early subclinical cardiorenal syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

[Acute copper poisoning by suicidal attempt]. / Akutní intoxikace medí pri suicidiálním pokusu.

Voluntary copper poisoning is a rare mode of suicide. We report a case of patient admitted to Metabolic Intensive Care Unit who took fatal dose of copper oxichloride. In his clinical picture dominated gastrointestinal discomfort with the profused diarrhoea leading to the excessive fluids loss exceeding 10 liters over 24 hours. The renal and liver damages typical for copper intoxication were prevented due to the early intensive treatment (2 hours after ingestion of copper oxichlorid) including the application of copper chelator Succicaptal.

The association between left ventricular diastolic function and a mild-to-moderate decrease in glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

This prospective study evaluated the relationship between echocardiography parameters of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and mild-to-moderate renal function impairment in 82 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mean age of the patients was 61.1 years. A significant correlation was found between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the ratio of peak velocity of early transmitral flow (E) to peak velocity of early diastolic mitral annular motion (E'). Cluster analysis revealed two subgroups of patients with different E' values but comparable eGFRs. The correlation between eGFR and E/E' was significant in 38 patients with E' ≤ 7.1 cm/s, but not significant in 44 patients with E' > 7.1 cm/s. The results suggest that the deterioration of LV relaxation (E') represents the underlying condition for the association between mild-to-moderate renal function impairment and the non-invasive parameter of LV end-diastolic pressure (E/E'), in patients with type 2 diabetes without any previous cardiovascular event and with well-controlled blood pressure.

Common carotid artery intima-media thickness is not increased but distensibility is reduced in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes compared with control subjects.

This study evaluated carotid artery parameters in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes compared with non-diabetic control subjects. Using a high-resolution B-mode ultrasound scanner, common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid tree atheroma thickness were measured in 82 patients with type 2 diabetes and 41 controls. The distensibility of the common carotid artery was calculated using the Reneman equation. Distensibility was significantly decreased and atheroma thickness was significantly increased in the diabetes group. There was no significant difference in IMT between the two groups. Stepwise linear regression analysis revealed an association between common carotid artery distensibility and post-ischaemic dilatation of the brachial artery (a measure of endothelial function), body mass index and diabetes duration in patients with type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, common carotid artery IMT in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes is comparable to that of control subjects, whereas atheroma thickness is higher and arterial stiffness more pronounced in those with type 2 diabetes, indicating the existence of atherosclerotic changes in normotensive type 2 diabetes patients.

The impact of early diastolic myocardial relaxation on the other parameters of diastolic function and association of tissue Doppler parameters of diastolic function with diabetes compensation and duration in type 2 diabetic patients.

This study assessed the impact of tissue Doppler derived myocardial early diastolic relaxation velocity (E(m)) on the other parameters of diastolic function (preload dependent transmitral early diastolic velocity [E], tissue Doppler derived myocardial late diastolic velocity [A(m)], preload dependent transmitral late diastolic velocity [A]) and evaluated the correlation of these parameters with selected clinical variables in type 2 diabetic patients. Using tissue Doppler echocardiography, 82 type 2 diabetic patients were evaluated, divided into two equal groups of E(m) < 7.5 cm/s or > or = 7.5 cm/s. Patients with E(m) < 7.5 cm/s had significantly lower E/A and E(m)/A(m), and higher E/E(m) values. Multilinear regression showed a negative correlation between E(m) and glycated haemoglobin (Hb(A1c)) and duration of diabetes, a negative correlation of E(m)/A(m) with age, duration of diabetes and Hb(A1c), and a positive correlation of E/E(m) with age, duration of diabetes and use of diuretics. The E/A ratio only correlated negatively with age. It is concluded that E(m) is a reliable parameter of diastolic function, and that the tissue Doppler parameters of diastolic function are associated with diabetes compensation and diabetes duration.

ECG body surface mapping changes in type 1 diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy.

ECG body surface mapping (BSM) parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus Type 1 (DM1) are significantly different comparing to healthy non-diabetic subjects. Hypothesis that these changes are more pronounced in DM1 patients with autonomic neuropathy (AN) was tested. The parameters of BSM were registered by diagnostic system Cardiag 112.2 in 54 DM1 patients including 25 with AN and 30 control subjects. AN was diagnosed according to Ewing criteria when two or more Ewing tests were abnormal. In classic 12-lead ECG the heart rate was increased, QRS and QT shortened (p<0.01) and QT(C) prolonged in DM1 patients. The VCG measurement of QRS-STT angles and spatial QRS-STT angle showed non-significant differences. The absolute values of maximum and minimum in depolarization and repolarization isopotential, isointegral, isoarea maps were significantly different in DM1 patients in comparison with controls (p<0.01). The changes were more pronounced in DM1 patients with AN than in DM patients without AN (p<0.05). The QT duration measured in 82 leads of thorax was significantly shortened in 68 leads of both groups of DM 1 patients (p<0.01) when compared with controls. In 34 of them this shortening was more pronounced in DM1 patients with AN than in DM1 patients without AN (p<0.05). The results showed that the method of ECG BSM is capable to confirm the presence of autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients.

Circulating serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 and metalloproteinase-9 are not associated with echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients.

Serum concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3 and MMP9 were evaluated in 82 asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without cardiovascular complications and in 41 non-diabetic control subjects. In the asymptomatic diabetic patients, the correlations of these concentrations with diabetes duration, selected biochemical parameters such as glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)), and echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function were also assessed. Pulsed and tissue Doppler echocardiography was performed in the two groups. Mean ± SD age was 61 ± 6 years for the asymptomatic diabetic patients and 61 ± 5 years for controls. Mean ± SD concentrations of MMP3 and MMP9 were significantly higher in the asymptomatic diabetic patients (67.5 ± 10.4 and 77.8 ± 28.8 µg/l, respectively) than in controls (47.2 ± 6.1 and 51.1 ± 13.7 µg/l, respectively). In the asymptomatic diabetic patients, MMP3 correlated only with albuminuria (r = 0.341) and MMP9 only with HbA(1c) (r = 0.262); neither MMP was correlated with echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function. Thus, in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients without cardiovascular complications, serum MMP3 and MMP9 were elevated, MMP9 was associated with HbA(1c) and MMP3 was associated with albuminuria, however, MMP3 and MMP9 were not associated with echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function.

[Pathophysiology of metabolic acidosis in patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate according to Stewart-Fencl theory]. / Patofyziologie vzniku metabolické acidózy u pacientu se snízenou glomerulární filtrací z hlediska Stewartovy-Fenclovy teorie.

AIM: Metabolic acidosis is a regular sign of renal insufficiency. Conventional assessment of acid-base balance using Henderson-Hasselbalch equation does not make identification of the cause of metabolic disorders possible as the serum HCO3- concentration might only reflect changes to the overall plasma ion spectrum. Therefore, we used the Stewart-Fencl approach that is based on a more detailed physical and chemical analysis and that showed that changes to serum HCO3- concentration are closely related to parameters not usually monitored in connection to acid-base balance. PATIENT GROUP AND METHODOLOGY: We performed a single measurement of arterial or capillary blood pH and pCO2 in 69 non-dialysed patients with glomerular filtration rate ranging from 0.04 to 0.88 ml/s/1.73 m2 according to MDRD, standard calculation of serum HCO3- concentration using Henderson-Hasselbalch equation was carried out, and serum albumin and ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Cl, Pi) plus creatinine and urea concentrations were determined from venous blood. RESULTS: Metabolic acidosis was present in 47 patients ([S-HCO3-] < 22 mmol/l) with the mean [S-HCO3-] value of 19.6 mmol/l for the entire group. We proved a statistically significant correlation between [S-HCO3-] and [SID] (p < 0.001), and between [S-HCO3-] and the individual [SID] determining factors: [Na+-Cl-], [UA- ], [Pi-], [K+] (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Reduction in [S-HCO3-] in non-dialysed patients with reduced glomerular filtration is predominantly associated with a decrease in [Na+-Cl-] difference, the quantitative contribution of which to metabolic acidosis is more significant than the strong acids retention. In addition to [S-Cl-] increase, [S-Na+] reduction too has a major role in reducing the [Na+-Cl-] difference.

[Hypoglycaemic periodic paralysis in hyperthyroidism patients]. / Hypokalemická periodická paralýza u pacientu s hypertyreózou.

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP) is a rare disorder characterised by acute, potentially fatal atacks of muscle weakness or paralysis. Massive shift of potassium into cells is caused by elevated levels of insulin and catecholamines in the blood. Hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia may be also present. Acidobasic status usually is not impaired. HPP occurs as familiar (caused by ion channels inherited defects) or acquired (in patients with hyperthyroidism). On the basis of two clinical cases we present a review of hypokalemic periodic paralysis in hyperthyroid patients. We discuss patogenesis, clinical and laboratory findings as well as the principles of prevention and treatment of this rare disorder.

[The relation between nutritional risk category identified by the modified Nutritional Screening 2002 and mortality in metabolic intensive care unit]. / Vztah mezi výsledkem nutricního screeningu a mortalitou na jednotce intenzivní metabolické péce.

INTRODUCTION: The presence of malnutrition is connected with the significantly higher mortality and morbidity. Its early detection is very important for the institution of nutrition intervention that has favourable impact on patient's prognosis. The nutrition screening is the simple and fast way of nutrition risk assessment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relation of the modified Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) with mortality of patients admitted to metabolic intensive care unit (MICU) in prospective study. METHODS: Nutrition screening has been examined in all the patients admitted to MICU over half year period since January till June 2006. According to the screening result the patients were divided into three groups: with low, moderate and high nutrition risk. The relation of nutrition screening result with mortality in MICU was statistically evaluated. RESULTS: Data of 291 patients admitted to MICU have been collected. The modified nutrition screening revealed low risk in 130 (45%), moderate risk in 111 (38%) and high nutrition risk in 50 (17%) patients. 28 patients (9.6%) died during stay in MICU. 3 patients (2.3%) with low, 10 (9%) with moderate and 15 (30%) with high nutrition risk passed away in MICU (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The significant relation between the grade of nutrition risk evaluated by modified NRS 2002 and mortality in MICU has been found in our study.

Comparison of soybean oil- and olive oil-based lipid emulsions on hepatobiliary function and serum triacylglycerols level during realimentation.

This study compared the effects of soybean oil- versus olive oil-based lipid emulsions on hepatobiliary function and serum triacylglycerols in patients who required transient parenteral nutrition support for significant weight loss. Patients who received a parenteral ready-to-use industry admixture including either soybean oil- (n = 10) or olive oil-based lipid emulsion (n = 11) for 2 weeks were retrospectively analysed. Cholestatic and cytolytic enzymes, conjugated bilirubin and serum triacylglycerols were sampled before and 1 day after completing parenteral nutrition support. Significant deterioration of cholestatic enzymes occurred in five patients in the soybean oil group and in one in the olive oil group. Serum triacylglycerols significantly deteriorated in seven patients in the soybean oil group and in one patient in the olive oil group. No differences were recorded for cytolytic enzyme abnormalities. In conclusion, the olive oil-based emulsion induced abnormalities of cholestatic enzymes and serum triacylglycerols significantly less frequently than the soybean oil-based emulsion.

[Experience with early enteral nutrition application in critically ill patients in medical intensive care unit]. / Zkusenosti s podáváním casné enterální výzivy kriticky nemocným na jednotce intenzivní metabolické péce.

BACKGROUND: Early enteral nutrition is recommended in patients with critical illness. Generally implementing of nutritional support algorithm is advised. The aim of study was evaluation of early enteral nutrition application in critically ill patients in medical intensive care unit. METHODS AND RESULTS: Early enteral nutrition was given according to written protocol in medical intensive care unit. During the first 96 hours hypocaloric nutrition 20-25 calories/kg was applied, followed by increase to 25-30 calories/kg at the end of the first week of admission. Apart from the patients who reached 25-30 calories/kg we recorded the number of patients who tolerated hypocaloric enteral nutrition and evaluated the number of patients with complications due to enteral nutrition. Early enteral nutrition was given to 44 out of 99 patients admitted to intensive care unit with life threatening diasese and indication for nutrition support. Out of 44 critically ill patients (35 with sepsis, 9 with another medical emergency) 22 died during admisssion in intensive care unit (50%). Hypocaloric enteral nutrition during the first 96 hours was given to 36 patients (82%). In 8 patients enteral nutrition had to be stopped and substituted for parenteral one due to complications. Three patients suffered from abdominal distension, 2 from profused diarrhea, 1 from combination of diarrhea and abdominal distension and 2 from aspiration. Twenty seven patients tolerated the application of enteral nutrition via nasogastric tube. In 10 patients nasogastric tube had to be replaced for nasojejunal one for high gastric aspirate volume. The caloric intake of 25-30 calories/kg was reached by the end of the first week of admission in 26 patients (60%). CONCLUSIONS: Early enteral nutrition applied according to protocol was given succesfully to the substantial number of the critical patients. In 18% of the patients enteral nutrition had to be replaced for parenteral one due to complications. The caloric intake 25-30 calories/kg was reached in 60% of patients.

[Our experience in continuous administration of insulin using infusion dispenser at a metabolic intensive care unit (MICU)]. / Nase zkusenosti s kontinuálním podáváním inzulinu pomocí infuzního dávkovace na jednotce intenzivní metabolické péce (JIMP).

INTRODUCTION: The article summarises the experience of the authors in the administration of insulin using an infusion dispenser at a metabolic intensive care unit (MICU) both to patients with decompensated diabetes mellitus and to patients admitted with a sepsis or other life-threatening condition of internal nature. PATIENTS AND RESULTS: Insulin was administered with the use of a dispenser to a total of 50 patients during 6 months of 2005. 13 of those patients showed signs of ketoacidotic or hyperosmolar coma in the course of diabetes mellitus. All of these patients were compensated within 24 hours and transferred to a standard ward for further treatment within 48 hours. 37 patients were admitted in a critical condition, the cause ofwhich was sepsis and a serious internal disease in 29 and 8 patients, respectively. 12 of the patients died during their hospitalisation at MICU, of which 8 in the first 3 days after admission. No significant correlation between the age, diabetes mellitus diagnosis or an associated cardiovascular morbidity and the death at MICU was discovered, but there was a very close ling between the mortality at the intensive care unit and the baseline blood level of C-reactive protein (160 mg/l; 32-352 in the patients who died, and 111 mg/l 15-168 in the patients who survived), p < 0.01. Glycaemia at admission did not differ significantly for the patients who dies and those who survived, but average glycaemia for all three measurements at MICU was significantly higher in the patients who died (10.4 mmol/l; 6.2-22.4) as compared with those who survived (7.8 mmol/l; 5.8-16.6), p < 0.01. The time of insulin administration was significantly shorter in patients who died (3.3 days; 1-6) as compared with those who survived (5.2 days; 3-10), p < 0.01. There was no significant difference between hourly insulin dose in the patients who died (2.8 j/hour; 0.6-8.6) and in those who survived (2.6 j/hour; 0.8-7.6). A trend towards lower mortality was recorded for the group of patients with average glycaemia below 8 mmol/l and/or those in whom glycaemia mostly ranged between 4.4 and 8.0 mmol/l, but the difference was not statistically significant. A significantly lower consumption of insulin was recorded for the patients with average glycaemia below 8 mmol/l and/or those whose glycaemia measurements mostly ranged between 4.4 and 8.0 mmol/l. Hypoglycaemia defined as glycaemia below 4.4 mmol/l was present in 2% of all measurements, in 11 patients on the total, and their results were not significantly associated with mortality at MICU. CONCLUSION: Mortality of patients admitted with sepsis or other life-threatening condition of internal nature was significantly higher in the group of patients with higher average glycaemia among all the measurements performed at MICU. In patients who died, the total time of insulin administration was significantly shorter, but there was no difference between the average hourly insulin dose in the group of the patients who died and those who survived.