ABSTRACT
Osteosarcoma (OS), also referred to as osteogenic sarcoma, is the most common primary malignant tumour affecting long bones, characterised by the proliferation of osteoblastic precursor cells and the production of osteoid or immature bone. OSs of the head and neck region have unique biology, exhibiting a clinical behaviour and a natural history that are distinct from OSs of the trunk and extremities. Similarly, their radiological appearance and histological growth pattern can be quite diverse proving to be a challenge to histopathologists to arrive at a diagnosis. Hence, OSs of the jaw remain enigmatic, and a number of difficulties related to their diagnosis and treatment are yet to be resolved. This article reports on a case of advanced OS of the mandible in a 45-year-old woman who came for the evaluation of swelling. This case illustrates the various modalities of diagnosis, such as radiology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry for the confirmation of the variants of OS, leading to an enormously improved quality of life by offering an improved opportunity for cure and treatment.
ABSTRACT
Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a rare benign tumor chiefly affecting the orofacial region, especially tongue. The origin of this neoplasia, after remaining a controversy for years, was finally identified to be from Schwann cell or neuroendocrine cell. They usually present as asymptomatic, firm, sessile, submucosal, solitary, or multiple nodule/papule like lesions. Histopathologically, the presence of sheets, cords or nests of large cells having abundant, eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia are the characteristic features of this neoplasm. Immunohistochemical stains such as S100, Cluster of differentiation 68, neuron-specific enolase, and laminin also aid in the proper diagnosis of granular cells. We hereby present a case of GCT in a 50-year-old male, which had a unique exophytic appearance, probably being only the second to be reported till date.
