ABSTRACT
Brassica juncea is an important oilseed crop of the Indian sub-continent. Yield loss due to fungal disease alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria brassicae is a serious problem in cultivation of this crop. Nonavailability of resistance genes within crossable germplasms of Brassica necessitates use of genetic engineering strategies to develop genetic resistance against this pathogen. The pathogenesis related (PR) proteins are group of plant proteins that are toxic to invading fungal pathogens, but are present in plant in trace amount. Thus, overexpression of PR proteins leads to increased resistance to pathogenic fungi in several crops. The PR protein glucanase hydrolyzes a major cell-wall component, glucan, of pathogenic fungi and acts as a plant defense barrier. We report the expression of a class I basic glucanase gene, under the control of CaMV 35S promoter, in Indian mustard and its genetic resistance against alternaria leaf spot. Southern and Northern hybridization confirmed stable integration and expression of the glucanase gene in mustard transgenics. Several independent transgenics were screened in vitro and under poly house conditions for their resistance against Alternaria brassicae. In an in vitro antifungal assay, transgenics arrested hyphal growth of Alternaria brassicae by 15-54%. Under pathogen-challenged conditions in poly house, the transgenics showed restricted number, size and spread of lesions caused by Alternaria brassicae. Also, the onset of disease was delayed in transgenics compared to untransformed parent plants. The results demonstrate potentiality of a PR protein from a heterologous source in developing alternaria leaf spot resistance in Indian mustard.
Subject(s)
Alternaria/growth & development , Cellulase/genetics , Mustard Plant/genetics , Mustard Plant/microbiology , Solanum lycopersicum/enzymology , Cellulase/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Genes, Plant , Solanum lycopersicum/genetics , Plants, Genetically Modified/microbiologySubject(s)
Anesthesia, General , Ketamine , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Injections, Intramuscular , Ketamine/administration & dosageABSTRACT
A case of congenital, unilateral giant hydronephrosis containing 42 1/2 litres of urine in an adult male is reported. Diagnosis and management are discussed. Because of the possible effects of sudden abdominal decompression, a plea is made for a two-stage procedure. The hydronephrosis is first decompressed slowly by drainage and nephrectomy is then performed after the patient's cardiorespiratory and alimentary systems have been stabilised.
Subject(s)
Hydronephrosis/congenital , Adult , Decompression , Diagnosis, Differential , Drainage , Humans , Hydronephrosis/diagnosis , Hydronephrosis/therapy , Male , NephrectomyABSTRACT
Pancuronium bromide, a steroid non-depolarising muscle relaxant has been used to assist intubation before emergency operations in 32 patients and has been found to be satisfactory for quick intubation in a dose of 0-1 mg per kg of body weight. There was no vomiting during induction.
