Circumferential Periosteal Release to Treat Paediatric Leg Length Discrepancy: Medium Term Outcomes.

Aims: This study aims to report the medium term outcomes of circumferential periosteal release of the distal femur and distal tibia in treating paediatric leg length discrepancy (LLD). Materials and methods: A retrospective case series was performed on all patients undergoing circumferential periosteal release of the distal femur and/or tibia between 2006 and 2019. Data collected included demographics, surgical indications, post-operative leg lengths, and complications. Leg length discrepancy was calculated as actual values and percentages of the longest limb length. Final actual and percentage discrepancies were compared to initial discrepancies using a paired t-test. Patterns of discrepancy over time were analysed using linear mixed models. Results: Eighteen patients (11 males) were identified, who underwent 25 procedures. The mean age at first surgery was 5.8 (range, 2-13). The commonest indication was congenital limb deficiency (7 patients). Five patients underwent repeat periosteal release, and one patient had three releases. The mean follow-up was 63 months [standard deviation (SD), 33.9]. Fifteen patients had sufficient data for statistical analysis.The mean actual discrepancy decreased from 2.07 cm (SD, 1.07) to 1.12 cm (SD, 1.62), and the mean relative discrepancy from 4.3% (SD, 2.8) to 1.5% (SD, 2.4). Significant mean reductions were seen in both actual discrepancies [0.61 cm (95% CI: 0.05-1.16; p = 0.034)], and percentage discrepancy [2.10% (95% CI: 1.0-3.1, p = <0.001]). In five patients, the operated limb overgrew the contralateral limb. Patients whose operated limb overgrew still had a reduction in LLD, with a mean residual discrepancy less than 1 cm (mean 0.7 cm, 95% CI: From -0.9 to 2.4). Conclusion: Circumferential periosteal release produces a significant decrease in both actual and percentage LLD. We believe this procedure is best indicated in younger patients with congenital LLD in whom the discrepancy is predicted to increase as they age. Clinical significance: Circumferential periosteal release produces a significant decrease in LLD. This procedure can be used to manage symptoms during growth, particularly at the point where orthotic usage may become problematic, and to potentially reduce the magnitude of surgery needed at an older age. How to cite this article: Chatterton BD, Kuiper JH, Williams DP. Circumferential Periosteal Release to Treat Paediatric Leg Length Discrepancy: Medium Term Outcomes. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2023;18(2):67-72.

Disassociation at the head-trunnion interface: an unseen complication of modular hip hemiarthroplasty.

A woman in her mid-90s underwent a left uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty for an intracapsular femoral neck fracture. Postoperative radiographs at 48h showed a disassociation of the left femoral prosthesis at the head-trunnion interface, with the bipolar head remaining in the acetabulum. There was no preceding trauma and the patient had mobilised postoperatively. The hip was revised to a monopolar head, and the patient's hip was protected postoperatively in a brace limiting flexion and external rotation. At 30 days following revision she was mobilising pain-free with a stable hip. Disassociation at the head-trunnion interface has never been reported in hip hemiarthroplasty, and is only described in relation to primary or revision total hip replacements (THR) following dislocation or trauma to the THR. This demonstrates a potential complication of modular prostheses for trauma.

An exceptionally large giant lipoma of the hand.

Lipomas are benign tumours that consist of mature adipocytes. They are the commonest soft tissue tumours, most frequently seen in the trunk and proximal extremities. Lesions in the hand are uncommon, and giant lipomas of the hand, defined as greater than 5 cm in size, are particularly rare. We present a case of an exceptionally large giant lipoma of the hand, presenting as an extremely large inconvenient swelling of the palm in a 67-year-old woman. The diagnosis of lipoma was suggested via ultrasonography, and confirmed via MRI and histology. The lesion was successfully excised with no postoperative neurovascular deficit. The excised lesion measured 8×6×3 cm, one of the largest giant lipomas of the hand reported to date. When patients present with large lesions such as these a malignant cause must always be considered, and appropriate early imaging is essential when assessing these patients.