ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Aniline and its derivatives are widely used as intermediate chemicals in the pharmaceutical and dye industries and are present in their wastewaters. These chemicals are of concern due to their potential detrimental effects on public health and aquatic species in the environment. OBJECTIVES: Various available remedial technologies presented in the literature were investigated to determine the most suitable technology for the elimination of aniline and aniline derivatives from waste streams. METHODS: The related literature was collected electronically from ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), ResearchGate and Wiley Online Library for systematic review. The search terms included 'aniline', 'aniline degradation', 'advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)', 'aniline derivatives' and 'Fenton's reagent'. DISCUSSION: Aniline and its derivatives are a serious issue in the effluents of dye and pharmaceutical industries, but a number of efficient treatment methods using biological, physical and AOPs have been presented in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of the available technologies showed that AOPs were the most cost effective and efficient technologies for eliminating aniline and its derivatives from wastewater. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
ABSTRACT
Currently, reservoirs, lakes, rivers etc. are being overloaded by the demand for fresh water, due to rapid industrialization and population explosion, and also the effluents from industries and domestic wastewater are continuously polluting these resources. To address this issue, several decentralized wastewater treatment system (DWTS) have been installed all over the globe to reuse and recycle wastewater/graywater for non-potable uses such as fire protection, toilet-flushing, and landscape irrigation. In this review, a comparison between different DWTS was carried out to evaluate their performance, merits and limitations. Hybrid technologies like the electrically enhanced biomass concentrator reactor and integration of physical/ biological methods with bio-electrochemical systems such as microbial fuel cells were found to be the most promising methods for near complete removal of pollutants from wastewater and also the issue of membrane fouling was reduced to a good extent.
