ABSTRACT
Our objective was to correlate antibiotic resistance in gut E. coli flora of children, aged 6-72 months, with use of antibiotics, socioeconomic status (SES) and household characteristics in the urban communities of Yurimaguas and Moyobamba in the Amazonian area of Peru. Caregivers of 1598 children were interviewed using a structured questionnaire in a cross-sectional survey. Faecal samples were collected from the children and the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli was analysed by a rapid resistance screening method. Significantly higher odds for resistance were seen for children who had used antibiotics, both during the last 2 weeks and the last 6 months. Children from wealthier families had significantly higher odds for resistance to a number of antibiotics than children from the least wealthy families (Yurimaguas: nalidixic acid, OR = 2.13; ciprofloxacin, OR = 2.09; chloramphenicol, OR = 1.98. Moyobamba: nalidixic acid, OR = 1.59; ciprofloxacin, OR = 1.69). Thus, the children of wealthier families had a significantly increased odds ratio for resistance, also when controlling for the family's antibiotic use. Unknown factors related to socioeconomic status seem to contribute to the results seen in the study area.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Intestines/microbiology , Poverty Areas , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Humans , Infant , Odds Ratio , Peru/epidemiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Tuberculosis control is hampered by the widespread increase in multidrug resistance. Rapid drug susceptibility testing would greatly aid in the adequate treatment of the disease. This study evaluates the usefulness of the colorimetric method using Alamar Blue for the rapid detection of resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid in 63 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Peru. Results obtained by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and measures of gain in certainty showed greater diagnostic accuracy than with the gold standard, the proportion method on Löwenstein-Jensen medium.
Subject(s)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classification , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/diagnosis , Antitubercular Agents/administration & dosage , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Colorimetry/methods , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Female , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Peru , Sampling Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Time Factors , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapyABSTRACT
PIP: A Peruvian nongovernmental organization (NGO), the New Life Christian Community, works to promote human rights among homosexuals, pregnant teenagers, and children suffering from sex abuse. The NGO, which is not affiliated with any church hierarchy, also provides training in AIDS and sexuality counseling as well as personal development activities that promote health preservation. The NGO supports AIDS sufferers by providing family support and temporary hospice care. The Community plans to conduct research into adolescent pregnancy, the relationship of sexuality and AIDS, and ways to support people with HIV/AIDS. The Community's free newsletter geared for sexual minorities is distributed at social venues and government health institutions. The NGO promotes condom use as a resource for pleasure and is working to replace the prevailing reality of sex as power with the concept of sex as pleasure.^ieng
