Study of the relationship between male erectile dysfunction and type 2 diabetes mellitus/metabolic syndrome and its components.

AIM: To study the relationship between erectile dysfunction and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)/metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS: This prospective study invited male patients with T2DM attending for a routine outpatient check-up to complete two questionnaires. A general questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical characteristics, while sexual function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function scoring system. The prevalence of MetS in this patient population was determined using information from the general questionnaire. Risk factors for erectile dysfunction were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 175 patients provided valid questionnaires; of these, 148 (84.6%) had MetS. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 90.9% (159/175) in the entire survey population compared with 89.2% (132/148) in patients with MetS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following risk factors for erectile dysfunction in patients with T2DM and/or MetS: age, blood pressure and duration of diabetes. CONCLUSION: These current findings suggest that the MetS and its components have a negative impact on male erectile function.

Risk factors for erectile dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular disease.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between risk factors for cardiac disease and erectile dysfunction (ED) in men from Xi'an, China. METHODS: Participants were patients with cardiovascular disease who visited the Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Xi'an Jiaotong University First Affiliated Hospital between September 2011 and March 2012. Two hundred and fifty patients were issued with questionnaires and underwent a physical examination and blood test.Risk factors for ED were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: In total, 222 participants returned valid questionnaires (89% response rate), underwent a physical examination and blood test, and were included in the study. The most common cardiovascular diseases were hypertension (n = 142; 64%), coronary heart disease (n = 90; 41%) and angina pectoris (n = 78; 35%). Most patients (n = 144; 65%) had two or more cardiovascular diseases. Age, smoking, body mass index, total cholesterol level, hypertension and the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly associated with ED. Domestic location, level of education, participation in physical activity, diabetes and drinking alcohol were not associated with ED. CONCLUSIONS: Common risk factors for cardiovascular disease are associated with ED in patients with cardiovascular disease. This study furthers understanding of the risk factors for ED in Chinese patients with cardiovascular disease and paves the way for further research into the prevention of ED.

Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and plasma protein binding of danofloxacin following intravenous administration in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis).

Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and plasma protein binding of danofloxacin was investigated in buffalo calves following intravenous administration at the dose rate of 1.25 mg/kg to select the optimal dosage regimen of danofloxacin. Drug concentrations in plasma and urine were measured by microbiological assaying. In vitro plasma protein binding was determined employing the equilibrium dialysis technique. The distribution and elimination of danofloxacin were rapid, as indicated by values (mean +/-SD) of distribution half-life (t(1/2)alpha = 0.16 +/- 0.07 h) and elimination half-life (t(1/2)beta = 4.24 +/- 1.78 h), respectively. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) = 3.98 +/- 1.69 L/kg indicated large distribution of drug. The area under plasma drug concentration versus time curve (AUC) was 1.79 +/- 0.28 micrg/ml x h and MRT was 8.64 +/- 0.61 h. Urinary excretion of danofloxacin was 23% within 48 h of its administration. Mean plasma protein binding was 36% at concentrations ranging from 0.0125 microg/ml to 1 microg/ml. On the basis of pharmacokinetic parameters obtained, it is concluded that the revision of danofloxacin dosage regimen in buffalo calves is needed because the current dosage schedule (1.25 mg/kg) is likely to promote resistance.