ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of pregnancy-associated insomnia is high. Although insomnia may flow from normal physiologic features of pregnancy, it may also be an early warning sign of a relapse, or a trigger for a relapse, of a psychiatric illness. Those at risk for psychiatric illnesses may require medications as well as behavioral and psychotherapeutic interventions, to prevent relapse in the perinatal period. Unfortunately, few reviews of psychotropics used to treat pregnancy-related sleep disorders exist. OBJECTIVE: We discuss issues related to sleep and sleep disorders in pregnancy in the context of co-morbid psychiatric illness, and review the literature on the commonly-used medications (e.g., benzodiazepines, sedative-hypnotics, antihistamines, trazodone, and melatonin) for insomnia during pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy , Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use , Central Nervous System Depressants/therapeutic use , Female , Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use , Humans , Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use , Melatonin/therapeutic use , Pregnancy , Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/complications , Trazodone/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Abortion Applicants/psychology , Benzodiazepines/administration & dosage , Depressive Disorder, Major , Pregnancy Complications , Venlafaxine Hydrochloride/administration & dosage , Adult , Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology , Depressive Disorder, Major/therapy , Drug Dosage Calculations , Female , Humans , Olanzapine , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications/psychology , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Pregnancy Outcome , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychological Techniques , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the hospital revisit rate of patients diagnosed with conversion disorder (CD). METHODS: Using administrative data, we identified all patients discharged from California, Florida and New York emergency departments (EDs) and acute care hospitals between 2005 and 2011 with a primary discharge diagnosis of CD. Patients discharged with a primary diagnosis of seizure or transient global amnesia (TGA) served as control groups. Our primary outcome was the rate of repeat ED visits and hospital admissions after initial presentation. Poisson regression was used to compare rates between diagnosis groups while adjusting for demographic characteristics. RESULTS: We identified 7946 patients discharged with a primary diagnosis of CD. During a mean follow-up of 3.0 (±1.6) years, patients with CD had a median of three (IQR, 1-9) ED or inpatient revisits, compared with 0 (IQR, 0-2) in patients with TGA and 3 (IQR, 1-7) in those with seizures. Revisit rates were 18.25 (95% CI, 18.10 to 18.40) visits per 100 patients per month in those with CD, 3.90 (95% CI, 3.84 to 3.95) in those with TGA and 17.78 (95% CI, 17.75 to 17.81) in those with seizures. As compared to CD, the incidence rate ratio for repeat ED visits or hospitalisations was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.86 to 0.93) for seizure disorder and 0.32 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.34) for TGA. CONCLUSIONS: CD is associated with a substantial hospital revisit rate. Our findings suggest that CD is not an acute, time-limited response to stress, but rather that CD is a manifestation of a broader pattern of chronic neuropsychiatric disease.
Subject(s)
Conversion Disorder/epidemiology , Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Amnesia, Transient Global/epidemiology , Conversion Disorder/therapy , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Discharge , Poisson Distribution , Seizures/epidemiology , Treatment Outcome , United States/epidemiologySubject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Mothers/psychology , Peripartum Period , Postnatal Care/methods , Pregnancy Complications/psychology , Adult , Breast Feeding , Cesarean Section , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
To determine feasibility of implementation of a weight loss program for overweight Latinos with severe mental illness. In this quasi-experimental study, a 14-week behavioral weight loss course (extended) was implemented at one clinic. A one-time nutrition class (brief) was given at a sister clinic. Implementation feasibility was assessed by consent and participation rates. Weight was followed for 6 months. Consent rates were high [77 % (49/64) extended; 68 % (39/57) brief], and 88 % (43/49) of extended subjects participated and 88 % (38/43) completed follow-up. Weight loss did not differ between groups. A behavioral weight loss course is feasible to implement for this population.
