Approaches for Successful Implantation of Cardiac Implantable Devices in Patients with Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava.

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common congenital thoracic venous anomaly, with 0.47% of patients undergoing pacemaker or cardiac implantable device placement found to have PLSVC. This review article describes challenges and interventions to successfully insert cardiac implantable electronic device leads into patients with PLSVC by providing multiple unique case examples.

A Matched Analysis on the Prognostic Impact of Race on Survival Endpoints of Women with Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To compare survival endpoints between African American (AA) and non-AA (NAA) women with endometrial carcinoma (EC) stage I-II using a robust matching analysis. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients were matched by stage, grade, adjuvant management (surveillance, vaginal brachytherapy or pelvic radiation treatment), age, and year of hysterectomy. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 758 patients were included. Body mass index and Age-Adjusted Charlson comorbidity index was significantly higher in AA compared to NAA women. There were no significant differences between the AA and NAA groups in regard to 5-year RFS (94 vs. 93%), DSS (96 vs. 98%) or 5-year OS (90 vs. 92%). On multivariate analysis of survival endpoints for the entire study cohort, it was found that race (AA vs. NAA) was not a significant predictor of RFS, DSS, or OS. Grade 3 tumors and the presence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) were the only 2 independent predictors of RFS and DSS, while age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity score, grade 3, stage II and the presence of LVSI were independent predictors of shorter OS. CONCLUSIONS: When matched based on the tumor stage, grade, adjuvant treatment, age, and year of surgery, our study suggests that there is no statistically significant difference in any survival endpoints between AA and NAA women with early-stage EC. Based on these data, disparities in outcome likely do not stem from uterine cancer-related causes. The increased comorbidity burden in AA women is likely a factor contributing to the racial disparity in endometrial cancer.