Analysis of YouTube content on substance use disorder treatment and recovery.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Emerging literature suggests the role of social media in substance use disorders (SUD). This study aimed to explore the content of YouTube videos for persons on SUD treatment/recovery, describing the users' exposure and engagement metrics and understanding viewers' perspectives. METHODS: We generated a set of 10 key phrases to search on YouTube. Eighty eligible videos were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. Content analysis of all videos and thematic analysis of 30 videos were done using the three most viewed videos from each key phrase. The reliability of videos was assessed using a modified DISCERN. The total number of views, likes, dislikes, and comments were noted and created engagement metrics. The linguistic analysis of viewers' comments was done to assess their perspectives. RESULTS: Sixty-three (78.8%) videos were from the US, and 59 (73.8%) were intended for persons or families with substance misuse. Persons in recovery uploaded 23 (28.7%) videos. We identified five themes - reasons for using drugs, symptoms of addiction, consequences of drug use, how to stop drug use, and expressed tone in the language. The positivity and relative positivity ratios were highest for videos developed by persons in recovery. There was a negative correlation between the relative positivity ratio and content fostering internalized stigma. Words with negative emotional experiences dominated the viewers' comments. CONCLUSION: YouTube content on SUD treatment and recovery is popular and revolves around the biopsychosocial understanding of addiction. There is an urgent need for a language policy and regulation of non-scientific content.

Carbon Hybrid Materials-Design, Manufacturing, and Applications.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have extraordinary properties and are used for applications in various fields of engineering and research. Due to their unique combination of properties, such as good electrical and thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, there is an increasing demand to produce CNTs with enhanced and customized properties. CNTs are produced using different synthesis methods and have extraordinary properties individually at the nanotube scale. However, it is challenging to achieve these properties when CNTs are used to form macroscopic sheets, tapes, and yarns. To further improve the properties of macroscale forms of CNTs, various types of nanoparticles and microfibers can be integrated into the CNT materials. The nanoparticles and microfibers can be chosen to selectively enhance the properties of CNT materials at the macroscopic level. In this paper, we propose a technique to manufacture carbon hybrid materials (CHMs) by combining CNT non-woven fabric (in the form of sheets or tapes) with microfibers to form CNT-CF hybrid materials with new/improved properties. CHMs are formed by integrating or adding nanoparticles, microparticles, or fibers into the CNT sheet. The additive materials can be incorporated into the synthesis process from the inlet or the outlet of the reactor system. This paper focuses on CHMs produced using the gas phase pyrolysis method with microparticles/fibers integrated at the outlet of the reactor and continuous microfiber tapes integrated into the CNT sheet at the outlet using a tape feeding machine. After synthesis, characterizations such as microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used to study the morphology and composition of the CNTs, and examples for potential applications are discussed in this paper.

Accuracy of cytological grading in the carcinoma breast and its correlation with pathological prognostic parameters.

BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma is a significant contributor to cancer deaths worldwide. Tumor grade is an important parameter in planning out the treatment. Histology is the gold standard for grading the carcinoma breast. However, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is still an important first-line diagnostic procedure in many parts of the world. Grading on cytology will help in pre-operative management. Although cytological grading of the carcinoma breast is a topic of research for many years, it is not yet included as a part of routine cytology reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted over a period of 1 year at Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences. A total of 42 cases of carcinoma breast, diagnosed on FNAC and subsequently confirmed on histology, were included. Cytological grading was performed using Robinson's grading system, and the results were compared with the histological grade. Also, the cytological grades were correlated with various pathological prognostic parameters such as tumor size, lymph node status, lympho-vascular invasion, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, Her-2-neu expression, and Ki-67 index. The kappa measure of agreement and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A moderate kappa measure of agreement (k = 0.415) was found between cytological and histological grades with an overall concordance rate of 66.67%. The accuracy of cytological grading was higher with increasing cytological grade. Except for estrogen receptor expression, none of the other prognostic parameters have a statistically significant correlation with cytological grade. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor grading on cytology can be helpful in planning treatment, especially in resource-constrained settings. Subjective variation in assessing different parameters and non-inclusion of mitosis in this system might be the reasons behind wrong grading in some cases. Inclusion of mitosis in the scoring system can improve the accuracy of cytological grading and its importance in prognosis.

Carbon Nanotube Sheet-Synthesis and Applications.

Decades of extensive research have matured the development of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Still, the properties of macroscale assemblages, such as sheets of carbon nanotubes, are not good enough to satisfy many applications. This paper gives an overview of different approaches to synthesize CNTs and then focuses on the floating catalyst method to form CNT sheets. A method is also described in this paper to modify the properties of macroscale carbon nanotube sheets produced by the floating catalyst method. The CNT sheet is modified to form a carbon nanotube hybrid (CNTH) sheet by incorporating metal, ceramic, or other types of nanoparticles into the high-temperature synthesis process to improve and customize the properties of the traditional nanotube sheet. This paper also discusses manufacturing obstacles and the possible commercial applications of the CNT sheet and CNTH sheet. Manufacturing problems include the difficulty of injecting dry nanoparticles uniformly, increasing the output of the process to reduce cost, and safely handling the hydrogen gas generated in the process. Applications for CNT sheet include air and water filtering, energy storage applications, and compositing CNTH sheets to produce apparel with anti-microbial properties to protect the population from infectious diseases. The paper also provides an outlook towards large scale commercialization of CNT material.