Design, Synthesis, Nematicidal Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study of Pyrano[3,2-c]pyridones against Meloidogyne incognita.

Root-knot nematodes pose a serious threat to crops by affecting production and quality. Over a period of time, substantial work has been done toward the development of effective and environmentally benign nematicidal compounds. However, due to the inefficiencies of previously reported synthetics in achieving the target of safe, selective, and effective treatment, it is necessary to develop new efficacious and safer nematicidal agents considering human health and environment on top priority. This work aims to highlight the efficient and convenient l-proline catalyzed synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]pyridone and their use as potential nematicidal agents. In vitro results of larval mortality and egg hatching inhibition revealed maximum nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita from compounds 15b, 15m, and 15w with LC50 values of 28.8, 46.8, and 49.18 µg/mL at 48 h, respectively. Under similar conditions, pyrano[3,2-c]pyridones derivatives 15b (LC50 = 28.8 µg/mL) was found at par with LC50 (26.92 µg/mL) of commercial nematicide carbofuran. The in vitro results were further validated with in silico studies with the most active compound 15b nematicidal within the binding to the pocket of acetylcholine esterase (AChE). In docking, binding free energy values for compound 15b were found to be -6.90 kcal/mol. Results indicated that pyrano[3,2-c]pyridone derivatives have the potential to control M. incognita.

A score years' update in the synthesis and biological evaluation of medicinally important 2-pyridones.

2-Pyridone core structure has attracted much attention due to its abundance in natural products of biological importance. 2-Pyridone derivatives display diverse biological activities. From being antimicrobial, antimalarial, antitumor, cardiotonic and anti-fibrotic agents to the induction of neurite outgrowth, they affect many biological processes. They find significant role in medicines, agriculture, pharmacophore designing and are also used as synthones for other heterocyclic compounds. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to assess the biological pursuits of 2-pyridone compounds. In addition, this review presents the overview of synthesis of medicinally active 2-pyridones along with their biological activity done in the past two decades.