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1.
Brain Res ; 787(1): 59-70, 1998 Mar 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9518552

ABSTRACT

Norepinephrine (NE) applied iontophoretically to the dentate gyrus in vivo, and bath applied to hippocampal slices in vitro, produces potentiation of the perforant path-evoked potential. beta-receptors mediate exogenous NE potentiation in vitro, while alpha-receptors are implicated in exogenous effects in vivo. The present study uses intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) NE to mimic in vitro bath conditions in vivo. Short-term NE potentiation was reliably seen with 10 microg [+/-] NE in 2 microl of 0.9% saline i.c.v. Long-term potentiation occurred with higher doses of NE. The beta-agonist isoproterenol and the alpha-agonist phenylephrine also produced potentiation. Long-term effects were common with isoproterenol. The beta-antagonist metoprolol and the alpha-antagonist phentolamine attenuated NE potentiation. The results suggest that both alpha- and beta-receptors could play a role in NE potentiation in dentate gyrus in vivo. In awake animals, 10 microg NE i.c.v. reproduced the potentiation pattern seen in anesthetized rats. NE potentiation in awake rats was independent of behavioral variation.


Subject(s)
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology , Dentate Gyrus/drug effects , Perforant Pathway/drug effects , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology , Anesthetics , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Synergism , Evoked Potentials/drug effects , Female , Injections, Intraventricular , Isoproterenol/pharmacology , Phenylephrine/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Wakefulness
2.
J Diabetes Complications ; 10(6): 320-4, 1996.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8972383

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is a relationship between diabetes control and cognitive function in older persons with type II diabetes. Seventy-seven patients with type II diabetes mellitus-none of whom were taking insulin-were given two cognitive function tests (the Modified Mini-Mental State and the Delayed Word Recall Test) and a HbA1C assay. All patients were living independently at home in rural communities, and under the care of their family doctor. The mean age of the subjects was 67.6 years; the sample consisted of 23 males and 54 females. The mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) level was 8.4 (range from 3.1 to 20.0). There was a nonsignificant trend for persons with extreme lower or higher HbA1C levels to have poorer cognitive function as assessed by the Modified Mini-Mental State but not the Delayed Word Recall Test. The effect of glycemic control on cognitive function may not be as clinically relevant as other factors in elderly persons with type II diabetes.


Subject(s)
Cognition , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , Dementia , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male , Memory, Short-Term , Middle Aged , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Regression Analysis , Reproducibility of Results
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