ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to identify specific unusual prenatal ultrasound (US) patterns of the adrenal gland and to propose a systematic approach for diagnosis. Six fetuses with unusual aspects of one or both adrenal glands, detected during routine prenatal US screening, were evaluated. Prenatal and postnatal management are described. A checklist of US features was created to perform a detailed analysis of adrenal lesions and guide prenatal management; this includes the time of appearance, location, growth, vascularization, structure, and presence of findings suggestive of malignancy.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Glands , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Adrenal Glands/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Since prehistory, changes of the facial skeleton have been related to the modification of diet. More recent studies have shown changes in the morphology of the mandible and maxilla due to variations of strain during mastication. The temporal muscle (TM) is a strong masticatory muscle, with its insertions extending through the temporal fossa. Our objective is to observe the relations between the TM and the lateral orbital wall (LOW) which could indicate an influence of mastication on the shape of the LOW. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study using 100 CT scans. The length of the lateral orbital wall (LLOW), the angle between LOW and the medial orbital wall (MOW), the cross-sectional areas of LOW and of the TMs were measured on both sides of each CT scan. The correlation between TMs and other three parameters was studied by Pearson correlations. RESULTS: A correlation was found between TMs and LOWs, a lower with LLOW, and a very weak and negative correlation between LOW/MOW angle. CONCLUSIONS: Anatomical knowledge about TM and investigation of masticatory strains lead us to think that mastication have minimal effect on the morphology of the LOW, only on the frontal process of zygomatic. This may explain, in part, why the LOW is the strongest wall of the orbit.
Subject(s)
Diet , Mastication/physiology , Orbit/diagnostic imaging , Orbit/growth & development , Temporal Muscle/diagnostic imaging , Temporal Muscle/physiology , Anatomy, Cross-Sectional , Humans , Masticatory Muscles/diagnostic imaging , Masticatory Muscles/physiology , Orbit/anatomy & histology , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, Spiral ComputedSubject(s)
Fibrosarcoma/diagnostic imaging , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Female , Fetal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Fetal Diseases/pathology , Fibrosarcoma/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology , PregnancySubject(s)
Hernia, Diaphragmatic/surgery , Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital , Lung/embryology , Body Weights and Measures , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Female , Gestational Age , Head , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/diagnosis , Herniorrhaphy , Humans , Liver Diseases/surgery , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis , Research Design , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
Cortical maturation, especially gyral formation, follows a temporospatial schedule and is a good marker of fetal maturation. Although ultrasonography is still the imaging method of choice to evaluate fetal anatomy, MRI has an increasingly important role in the detection of brain abnormalities, especially of cortical development. Knowledge of MRI techniques in utero with the advantages and disadvantages of some sequences is necessary, in order to try to optimize the different magnetic resonance sequences to be able to make an early diagnosis. The different steps of cortical maturation known from histology represent the background necessary for the understanding of maturation in order to be then able to evaluate brain maturation through neuroimaging. Illustrations of the normal cortical maturation are given for each step accessible to MRI for both the cerebral hemispheres and the posterior fossa.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Cortex/embryology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prenatal Diagnosis , Brain/embryology , Female , Fetal Development/physiology , Humans , PregnancyABSTRACT
The fetal cortical maturation is a long process with predefined steps. Abnormalities can occur at different stages of cortical maturation, resulting in various malformations. They can result from disturbance in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell migration and in organization of the cortex. Analysis of the different abnormalities of cortical maturation is given with illustrations of the principal malformations encountered in utero and accessible to MRI.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Cortex/abnormalities , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prenatal Diagnosis , Cerebral Cortex/embryology , Fetal Development/physiology , Fetus , HumansABSTRACT
Transmesocolic hernias are extremely rare. Their exact incidence is still unknown. A strangulated hernia through a mesocolic opening is a rare operative finding. Preoperative diagnosis still is difficult in spite of imaging techniques currently available. This is the case of a 4-month-old boy with transmesocolic internal hernia and coincident intestinal malrotation and volvulus of small bowel.
