ABSTRACT
We documented two stages of bone involvement due to syphilis in two adult patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Bony lesions of secondary versus tertiary syphilis cannot be differentiated on clinical or radiologic grounds alone. Given the rarity of this clinical presentation, there is no consensus on treatment duration and related outcomes.
Se describen dos etapas de compromiso óseo por sífilis en dos pacientes adultos infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Las lesiones óseas de la sífilis secundaria y de la sífilis terciaria no se pueden diferenciar únicamente por características clínicas o radiológicas. Dada la rareza de esta presentación clínica, no hay consenso sobre la duración del tratamiento y los resultados relacionados.
Subject(s)
Bone Diseases , Syphilis , Adult , Humans , Syphilis/complications , Syphilis/diagnosis , ConsensusABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemic crisis are the most serious forms of acute decompensation of diabetes mellitus and require urgent medical attention. The epidemiological data of these conditions in Latin America are scarce and in Colombia unknown, that is why we decided to describe the clinical characteristics and factors associated with the mortality of adults who presented with hyperglycemic crises in a teaching hospital in Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of all episodes of hyperglycemic crisis treated in Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital in a three-year period. RESULTS: The records of 2233 hospitalization episodes related to diabetes mellitus were review, the prevalence of hyperglycemic crises was 2%, half of the events were diabetic ketoacidosis and 57% of the events occurred in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 32% of the events were precipitated by an infection and 27% by and inadequate therapy. The average hospital length of stay was 14 ± 3 days and the mortality rate 2.27%. CONCLUSIONS: In a teaching hospital in Latin America hyperglycemic crises are common, with diabetic ketoacidosis being the most frequent, and in a significant number of cases may be preventable. The hospital length of stay in our population is longer than reported in the literature.
ABSTRACT
Con el paso del tiempo el número de pacientes portadores de dispositivos de estimulación cardíaca (marcapasos, resincronizadores y desfibriladores) ha aumentado de manera exponencial y ha llevado a que médicos de todas las especialidades tengan mayor exposición a los electrocardiogramas. Conocer el funcionamiento de estos dispositivos es, por tanto, necesario para comprender los cambios que se producen en el electrocardiograma de superficie, identificar los hallazgos normales y reconocer las distintas manifestaciones de la disfunción de estos dispositivos. En este artículo se revisan, de manera clara y concreta, conceptos básicos de diseño, funcionamiento y programación de los dispositivos de estimulación cardíaca, de modo que el lector desarrolle un esquema para la evaluación electrocardiográfica de estos.
Over the last decades, the number of patients with cardiac stimulation devices (including pacemakers, resynchronization devices and automatic implantable cardiac defibrillators) has increased exponentially, exposing an ever increasing number of health professionals from different areas of medicine to their electrocardiograms. Thorough knowledge of proper device function is crucial to understanding electrocardiographic changes induced by cardiac stimulation, identifying normal findings, and recognizing the different manifestations of device malfunction. In this article, basic concepts on device design, programming and proper function will be discussed, allowing the reader to develop an organized step wise approach to interpret the electrocardiogram of patients with cardiac stimulation devices.
Subject(s)
Electrocardiography , Biological Clocks , Tachycardia, Ventricular , DefibrillatorsABSTRACT
El síndrome de QT corto es una entidad clínica rara, descrita hace apenas unas pocas décadas. Esto, sumado al pequeño número de casos descritos en la literatura mundial, hace difícil comprender su fisiopatología y tener una idea clara sobre el tratamiento a realizar. Hasta el momento se han descrito varias alteraciones genéticas que se asocian con síndrome de QT corto y riesgo mayor de muerte súbita, algunas que incluso lo relacionan con otros síndromes (particularmente el síndrome de Brugada). Se presenta un caso de síndrome de QT corto en quien, gracias al implante de un cardiodesfibrilador, se logró abortar un episodio de muerte súbita. En nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer caso descrito en Colombia y abre la posibilidad de que existan casos similares en el país.
Short QT syndrome is a rare clinical entity, described just a few decades ago. This, coupled with the small number of cases described in the literature, makes difficult to understand its pathophysiology and have a clear idea about the treatment to be performed. So far, several genetic alterations associated with short QT syndrome and increased risk of sudden death, some even related with other syndromes (particularly Brugada syndrome), have been described. A case of a patient with short QT syndrome in whom thanks to the implant of a defibrillator an episode of sudden death was aborted, is presented. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Colombia and opens the possibility of similar cases in the country.
