Information theoretic measures for interacting bosons in optical lattice.

This work reports the different information theoretic measures, i.e., Shannon information entropy, order, disorder, complexity, and their dynamical measure for the interacting bosons in an optical lattice with both commensurate and incommensurate filling factor. We solve the many-body Schrödinger equation from first principles by multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method which calculates all the measures with high level of accuracy. We find for both relaxed state as well as quenched state the López-Ruiz-Mancini-Calbet (LMC) measure of complexity is the most efficient depictor of superfluid (SF) to Mott-insulator transition. In the quench dynamics, the distinct structure of LMC complexity can be used as a "figure of merit" to obtain the timescale of SF to Mott state entry, Mott holding time, and the Mott state to SF state entry in the successive cycles. We also find that fluctuations in the dynamics of LMC complexity measure for incommensurate filling clearly establish that superfluid to Mott-insulator transition is incomplete. We overall conclude that distinct structure in the complexity makes it more sensitive than the standard use of Shannon information entropy.

Current research aspects in mono and hybrid nanofluid based heat pipe technologies.

Technological development has leads to need of more compact thermal management system especially in electronic cooling systems. Heat pipe with the use of mono and hybrid nanofluids are recent trends to satisfy the need of enhanced heat transfer and miniaturization in size. In this article, a state-of-the-art review on different types of heat pipe s, nanofluids preparation and characterization techniques have been carried out. The study begins with an overview of heat pipe and discussed about heat pipe with sintered, grooved and mesh wick structures, applications, mono nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids. The research works carried out for last decade are analyzed in terms of types of heat pipe, working medium, nanofluids preparation and characterization techniques. Effect of operating variables like nanoparticle size, shape and concentration, filling ratio, inclination angle and heat load are also presented. In last, the possible future research thrusts are presented.

Random matrix ensemble with random two-body interactions in the presence of a mean field for spin-one boson systems.

For bosons carrying spin-one degree of freedom, we introduce an embedded Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrices generated by random two-body interactions in the presence of a mean field that is spin (S) scalar [called BEGOE(1+2)-S1]. Embedding algebra for the ensemble, for m bosons in Ω number of single-particle levels (each triply degenerate), is U(3Ω)⊃G⊃G1⊗SO(3) with SO(3) generating the spin S. A method for constructing the ensemble for a given (Ω,m,S) has been developed. Numerical calculations show that (i) the form of the fixed-(m, S) density of states is close to a Gaussian; (ii) for a strong enough interaction, level fluctuations follow GOE; (iii) fluctuation in energy centroids is large; and (iv) spectral widths are nearly constant with respect to S for S

Transitions in eigenvalue and wavefunction structure in (1+2) -body random matrix ensembles with spin.

Finite interacting Fermi systems with a mean-field and a chaos generating two-body interaction are modeled by one plus two-body embedded Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrices with spin degree of freedom [called EGOE(1+2)-s]. Numerical calculations are used to demonstrate that, as lambda , the strength of the interaction (measured in the units of the average spacing of the single-particle levels defining the mean-field), increases, generically there is Poisson to GOE transition in level fluctuations, Breit-Wigner to Gaussian transition in strength functions (also called local density of states) and also a duality region where information entropy will be the same in both the mean-field and interaction defined basis. Spin dependence of the transition points lambda_{c} , lambdaF, and lambdad , respectively, is described using the propagator for the spectral variances and the formula for the propagator is derived. We further establish that the duality region corresponds to a region of thermalization. For this purpose we compared the single-particle entropy defined by the occupancies of the single-particle orbitals with thermodynamic entropy and information entropy for various lambda values and they are very close to each other at lambda=lambdad.

Bivariate- distribution for transition matrix elements in Breit-Wigner to Gaussian domains of interacting particle systems.

Interacting many-particle systems with a mean-field one-body part plus a chaos generating random two-body interaction having strength lambda exhibit Poisson to Gaussian orthogonal ensemble and Breit-Wigner (BW) to Gaussian transitions in level fluctuations and strength functions with transition points marked by lambda = lambda c and lambda = lambda F, respectively; lambda F >> lambda c. For these systems a theory for the matrix elements of one-body transition operators is available, as valid in the Gaussian domain, with lambda > lambda F, in terms of orbital occupation numbers, level densities, and an integral involving a bivariate Gaussian in the initial and final energies. Here we show that, using a bivariate-t distribution, the theory extends below from the Gaussian regime to the BW regime up to lambda = lambda c. This is well tested in numerical calculations for 6 spinless fermions in 12 single-particle states.

Use of the haemopoietic progenitor cell count of the Sysmex SE-9500 to refine apheresis timing of peripheral blood stem cells.

The Sysmex SE-9500 automated cell counter provides an estimate of immature cells referred to as 'haemopoietic progenitor cells' (HPC). The aim of this study was to relate the HPC count to CD34+ cell levels in mobilized peripheral blood and to determine whether the HPC count was valuable in predicting apheresis yields of CD34+ cells. Studies were performed on 114 samples from 67 patients undergoing progenitor cell mobilization. HPC cells were undetectable in the steady state. On the day of apheresis the HPC and CD34 counts were weakly correlated, with the median HPC count being 2.3-fold greater than the CD34+ cell count. The HPC count did not include the CD34+ cells as immunomagnetic depletion of CD34+ cells did not significantly reduce the HPC count. CD34+ cell counts predicted for apheresis yield (r = 0.773) on that day as did the HPC count (r = 0. 623). The optimal strategy to prevent unnecessary harvesting while minimizing the risk of missing an adequate harvest, and minimizing laboratory investigations, was to screen all samples for HPC and limit CD34+ cell measurements to those with an HPC count <10 x 106/l (19/114 samples). If the CD34+ cell count was also <10 x 106/l then harvesting should not be carried out.

Platelet activation responses in vitro to human mast cell activation.

Mast cells are thought to play an important role in atherogenesis and plaque rupture, but their role in the subsequent platelet activation and thrombus formation is unclear. Tryptase positive cells (KU812T+) were established from the KU812 cell line as an in vitro model of human mast cells and used to study the effect of mast cell activation on human platelets. Overnight incubation of KU812T+ with IgE and subsequent challenge with anti-IgE caused the release of heparinoid substances which inhibited 1 microg/ml collagen-induced platelet aggregation. KU812T+ challenged with compound 48/80 produced a releasate that had no apparent heparinoid content but caused full platelet aggregation. These findings showed that, although activation of KU812T+ via FcepsilonR1 partially abrogated collagen-induced platelet aggregation, activation of the C5a receptor signalling pathway, by compound 48/80, caused the release of potent platelet-activating substances. This cell culture model offers a unique insight into the role of platelet-mast cell interactions in arterial thrombogenesis.

Reference ranges and sources of variability of CD4 counts in HIV-seronegative women and men.

BACKGROUND: CD4 lymphocyte counts are used to monitor immune status in HIV disease. An understanding of the variability of CD4 counts which occurs in the absence of HIV infection is essential to their interpretation. The sources and degree of such variability have not been extensively studied. OBJECTIVES: To establish reference ranges for CD4 counts in HIV-seronegative women and heterosexual men attending a genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic, and to identify possible differences according to gender and cigarette smoking and, in women, any effect of the menstrual cycle, oral contraceptive use and cigarette smoking. DESIGN: Female and heterosexual male patients attending a GUM clinic and requesting an HIV-antibody test were recruited prospectively. Results from an earlier study of CD4 counts in homosexual men were available for comparison. METHODS: Lymphocyte subpopulation analysis on whole blood by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The absolute CD4 count and percentage of CD4 cells (CD4%) were significantly higher in women (n = 195) than heterosexual men (n = 91) [difference between the means 111 x 106/1 (95% CI 41, 180) and 3.1% (1.30, 4.88)]. The absolute CD4 count and CD4% were also significantly higher in smokers (n = 143) than non-smokers (n = 140) [difference 143 (79, 207) and 2.1% (0.43, 3.81)]. Reference ranges for absolute CD4 counts (geometric mean +/- 2SD) were calculated on log transformed data as follows; female smokers 490-1610, female non-smokers 430-1350, heterosexual male smokers 380-1600, heterosexual male non-smokers 330-1280. Among other variables examined, combined oral contraceptive pill use was associated with a trend towards a lower absolute CD4 count. Changes were seen in CD4% with the menstrual cycle. CD4 counts and CD4% did not differ significantly between heterosexual men and homosexual men (n = 45). CONCLUSION: There is a significant gender and smoking effect on CD4 counts. The effects of oral contraceptive use and the menstrual cycle warrant further investigation.

Rapid flow cytometric quantitation of reticulated platelets in whole blood.

Young or reticulated platelets contain some residual mRNA, which is rapidly degraded after platelet release into the circulation. In order to minimize platelet activation and possible loss of large platelets during sample handling a whole blood method has been developed utilising the RNA fluorochrome thiazole orange (TO) in combination with an antibody to anti-glycoprotein Ib (GpIb) directly conjugated to phycoerythrin (PE), to specifically stain reticulated platelets via flow cytometric analysis. In this study whole blood analysis of platelet mRNA was undertaken in healthy normal subjects and a variety of patients with haematological abnormalities. The percentage of Gp Ib positive platelets containing mRNA in normals (n = 22) was 11.61% with a two SD range of 3.19-20.01%. The percentage of reticulated platelets was significantly increased (mean mRNA content ± one SD) in sickle cell disorders (n = 22) 38.12% ± 18.42 (P < 0.001); thalassaemia (major, intermedia and trait) (n = 24) 29.76 ± 19.15 (P < 0.001); ITP (N = 20) 23.53% ± 13.04 (P < 0.02) and essentialthrombocythemia (N = 32) 37.12 ± 19.84 (P < 0.001). Platelets from patients with reactive thrombocytosis (N = 15) were only 12.23% positive (±6.95) and not significantly different from the normal range (P = 0.95). This method offers a rapid and simple procedure for assessment of reticulated platelets in whole blood and suggests that there may be an increased platelet turnover in certain haemoglobinopathies.