ABSTRACT
Bacteria responsible for causing infections are common in hospital environments, water, soil, and food products. The infection risk is intensified by the absence of public sanitation, poor quality of life, and food scarcity. These external factors promote the dissemination of pathogens by direct contamination or biofilm formation. In this work, we identified bacterial isolates obtained from intensive care units in the southern region of Tocantins, Brazil. We compared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) techniques and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) molecular analysis; we also performed phenotypic characterization. Fifty-six isolates characterized using morphotinctorial tests were classified as gram-positive (80.4%; n = 45) and gram-negative (19.6%; n = 11) and were resistant to several antibiotic classes; notably, we identified the blaOXA-23 resistance gene in the ILH10 isolate. Microbial identification using MALDI-TOF MS resulted in the identification of Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Bacillus circulans. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed four isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus and Acinetobacter. The similarity was superior to 99% for Acinetobacter schindleri in the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), grouped in the clade superior to 90%. Several strains isolated from intensive care units (ICU) were resistant to various antibiotic classes. These techniques allowed for the identification of several microorganisms of importance in public health, enabling improvements in human infection control and proving the quality of inputs, food, and water.
Subject(s)
Population Health , Quality of Life , Humans , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Water , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Laboratory surveillance of Influenza has shown a low virus activity in Rio de Janeiro during 1980 and 1981. A few influenza A (H3N2) viruses were isolated in both years during the winter months. Serological investigations showed that this subtype has circulated mostly among children under 10 years of age. No H1N1 virus was isolated but an increase in the proportion of adults with antibody to this virus was noted in sera collected in 1981. Influenza B virus was isolated from children in the spring of 1981 and again an increase was noted in the proportion of adults with antibody to this virus.
Subject(s)
Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Brazil , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Influenza A virus/immunology , Influenza A virus/isolation & purification , Influenza, Human/immunology , Influenza, Human/microbiology , Middle Aged , Serologic TestsABSTRACT
A two-year study was undertaken to establish the incidence and possible viral etiology of acute respiratory diseases among the child population of a shanty town in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The results demonstrated that nearly half of all the illnesses seen were respiratory infections, 10% of them affecting the lower respiratory tract. Viruses were isolated from 20% of the throat swabs collected. Of the viruses identified, 47% were adenoviruses, 25% were enteroviruses, 9% were influenza A, 8% herpes simplex, 7% parainfluenza, 3% respiratory syncytial and 1% influenza B viruses.
Subject(s)
Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Virus Diseases , Acute Disease , Brazil , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Longitudinal Studies , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Virus Cultivation , Virus Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Foi realizado um estudo sobre anticuerpos para o virus influenza B, em soros de pessoas residentes no Rio de Janeiro, abrangendo todas as faixas etarias. Empregou-se dois testes: inibicao de hemaglutinacao, utilizada rotineiramente na pesquisa de anticorpos para virus influenza; e hemolise radial simples, uma reacao mais recentemente desenvolvida. Esta ultima mostrou-se consideravelmente mais sensivel, demostrando que um quinto das criancas testadas adquiriram a infeccao ate cinco anos e dois tercos ate os dez anos de idade. A maioria dos adultos mostrou anticorpos para influenza B
Subject(s)
Humans , Orthomyxoviridae , Antibodies, Viral , Hemagglutination Inhibition TestsABSTRACT
Inquerito sorologico para determinacao de anticorpos para tres amostras de virus influenza A que circularam no mundo durante os ultimos anos, foi realizado com especimens coletados no Rio de Janeiro de 1976 a 1980. Anticorpos para A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) foram encontrados em maior proporcao durante 1976, um ano apos o seu aparecimento. A frequencia de deteccao de anticorpos para A/Texas/1/77 (H3N2) foi muito baixa, havendo pouca evidencia de que este virus tenha circulado amplamente.Anticorpos para A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) estavam ausentes em soros de pessoas menores de 20 anos de idade em 1976 e 1977. Em 1978, metade dos soros apresentaram anticorpos detectaveis, e em 1980 somente 40% nao apresentaram, indicando consideravel disseminacao deste virus, embora nao tenha sido detectado na comunidade
