Advances in mixed-matrix membranes for biorefining of biogas from anaerobic digestion.

This article provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art technology of polymeric mixed-matrix membranes for CO2/CH4 separation that can be applied in medium, small, and domestic biogas systems operating at low pressures (0.2-6 kPa). Critical data from the latest publications of CO2/CH4 separation membranes were analyzed, considering the ratio of CO2/CH4 permeabilities, the CO2 selectivity, the operating pressures at which the membranes were tested, the chemistry of the polymers studied and their gas separation mechanisms. And the different nanomaterials as fillers. The intrinsic microporous polymers (PIMs) were identified as potential candidates for biomethane purification due to their high permeability and selectivity, which are compatible with operation pressures below 1 bar, and as low as 0.2 bar. This scenario contrasts with other polymers that require pressures above 1 bar for operation, with some reaching 20 bar. Furthermore, the combination of PIM with GO in MMMs was found to not influence the permeability significantly, but to contribute to the membrane stability over time, by preventing the structural collapse of the membrane caused by aging. The systematic analysis here presented is a valuable resource for defining the future technological development of CO2/CH4 separation membranes for biogas biorefining.

Grammatical impairment in schizophrenia: An exploratory study of the pronominal and sentential domains.

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe mental disorder associated with a variety of linguistic deficits, and recently it has been suggested that these deficits are caused by an underlying impairment in the ability to build complex syntactic structures and complex semantic relations. Aiming at contributing to determining the specific linguistic profile of SZ, we investigated the usage of pronominal subjects and sentence types in two corpora of oral dream and waking reports produced by speakers with SZ and participants without SZ (NSZ), both native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. Narratives of 40 adult participants (20 SZ, and 20 NSZ-sample 1), and narratives of 31 teenage participants (11 SZ undergoing first psychotic episode, and 20 NSZ-sample 2) were annotated and statistically analyzed. Overall, narratives of speakers with SZ presented significantly higher rates of matrix sentences, null pronouns-particularly null 3Person referential pronouns-and lower rates of non-anomalous truncated sentences. The high rate of matrix sentences correlated significantly with the total PANSS scores, suggesting an association between the overuse of simple sentences and SZ symptoms in general. In contrast, the high rate of null pronouns correlated significantly with positive PANSS scores, suggesting an association between the overuse of null pronominal forms and the positive symptoms of SZ. Finally, a cross-group analysis between samples 1 and 2 indicated a higher degree of grammatical impairment in speakers with multiple psychotic episodes. Altogether, the results strengthen the notion that deficits at the pronominal and sentential levels constitute a cross-cultural linguistic marker of SZ.

Validation of a Scale on Society's Attitudes towards the Sexuality of Women with Intellectual Disabilities-Survey Study.

BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study was to design and validate a questionnaire in Spanish to acknowledge the perception of the sexuality of women with intellectual disabilities. We sought to cover specific spheres of sexuality, such as sexual capacity, decision-making capacity, sexual disinhibition, and sexual education and quality of life. METHODS: A questionnaire was developed based on a literature review. Validation was performed using content validation through a panel of experts; construct validation was performed using exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses; reliability tests were also performed, using Cronbach's Alpha and the two-halves test. RESULTS: Two-hundred forty-four participants pilot tested the initial 34-item questionnaire. After content validation and exploratory factorial analysis, the resulting 10-item questionnaire showed four domains, with Cronbach's Alpha values between 0.69 and 0.82. Confirmatory factorial analysis confirmed the domains, and the model's goodness-of-fit tests were adequate. CONCLUSIONS: The final ten-item scale developed in this research proved to be a valid and reliable instrument, as it has good psychometric properties of both validity and reliability. Thus, researchers interested in investigating the social perception of the sexuality of women with intellectual disabilities can use this tool. Future research can extend the validity of this scale to other languages and settings.

Abordagem da Enfermagem Forense na graduação: percepção de estudantes de enfermagem / Forensic nursing approach in graduation: perception of nursing students / Enfoque de enfermería forense en graduación: percepcion de estudiantes de enfermería

Objetivo: identificar a percepção que os estudantes de enfermagem possuem acerca da abordagem da Enfermagem Forense na graduação. Método: estudo descrivo, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com 10 estudantes de enfermagem de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior privada Norte-brasileira. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre fevereiro e março de 2020, sendo utilizada uma entrevista semiestruturada com perguntas abertas, o qual tratou-se os dados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: as falas dos acadêmicos permitiram organizar a categoria: lacunas de conhecimento, formação curricular e inovação no ensino de enfermagem sobre a Enfermagem Forense. Conclusão: os estudantes percebem que a Enfermagem Forense ainda é pouco discutida nas disciplinas ofertadas pelo curso, consequentemente possuindo pouca formação acadêmica. É essencial a inclusão de docentes especialistas e a inserção de conteúdos forenses na dinâmica curricular do curso. (AU)

Objective: To identify the perception that nursing students have about the approach of Forensic Nursing in graduation. Methods: a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, developed with 10 nursing students from a private Higher Education Institution in North Brazil. Data collection occurred between February and March 2020, using a semi-structured interview with open questions, which dealt with the data through Bardin's Content Analysis. Results: The students speeches allow to organize the category: knowledge gaps, curricular formation and innovation in nursing education on Forensic Nursing. Conclusion: Students realize that Forensic Nursing is still little discussed in the disciplines offered by the course, consequently having little academic training. It is essential to include specialized documents and insert content for dynamic students in the course curriculum. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar la percepción que tienen los estudiantes de enfermería sobre el abordaje de la Enfermería Forense en la graduación. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, desarrollado con 10 estudiantes de enfermería de una institución privada de educación superior en el norte de Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó entre febrero y marzo de 2020, mediante una entrevista semiestructurada con preguntas abiertas, que trató los datos a través del Análisis de Contenido de Bardin. Resultados: Los discursos de los estudiantes permitieron organizar la categoría: brechas de conocimiento, formación curricular e innovación en la formación de enfermería en Enfermería Forense. Conclusión: Los estudiantes se dan cuenta de que la Enfermería Forense es aún poco discutida en las disciplinas que ofrece el curso, por lo que tiene poca formación académica. Es fundamental incluir profesores especialistas e insertar contenidos forenses en la dinámica curricular del curso. (AU)

Mastitis, somatic cell count, and its impact on the quality of dairy-products … An omission in Colombia?: A review / Mastitis, conteo de células somáticas y su impacto en la calidad de los productos lácteos … ¿Una omisión en Colombia?: Revisión de literatura / Mastite e seu impacto na qualidade dos laticínios ... ¿Uma omissão na Colômbia?: Revisão de literatura

Abstract Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy herds and the main cause of economic losses in milk production worldwide. This inflammatory reaction of the mammary gland affects the quantity, composition and quality of milk produced and its suitability for the dairy industry. Despite of its importance, Colombia has no regulations on somatic cell count (SCC); that is, no official upper limits have been established for the dairy industry. The current quality-based payment system for raw milk does not encourage local producers to reduce the level of somatic cells. Consequently, Colombia is at a disadvantage compared to countries that include this parameter in their payment schemes and subscribe to international free trade agreements, affecting the competitiveness of the Colombian dairy sector. This article reviews the types of somatic cells, the microbiology of mastitis, its etiology and diagnosis, the changes that generate the composition of milk, and the impact of high SCCs on the quality of dairy products, such as yogurt, cheese, and milk powder. The final section offers a reflection on the problem of high SCCs in Colombia and the lack of regulations in this regard.

Resumen La mastitis es la enfermedad más frecuente en los hatos lecheros y es la principal causa de pérdidas económicas en la producción de leche alrededor del mundo. Esta reacción inflamatoria de la glándula mamaria afecta la cantidad, composición, calidad y aptitud de la leche para procesamiento por la industria. Sin embargo, en Colombia no existe normatividad sobre el recuento de células somáticas, principal indicador de mastitis; es decir, no existen límites oficiales que sirvan de referencia para la industria lechera. El sistema de pago basado en calidad no incentiva al productor a disminuir el nivel de células somáticas. Esto coloca al país en desventaja frente a otros países que exigen este parámetro en su esquema de pago y con los cuales Colombia tiene tratados de libre comercio, afectando negativamente la competitividad del sector lechero colombiano. En este artículo se hace una revisión sobre los tipos de células somáticas, la microbiología de la mastitis, su etiología, el diagnóstico, los cambios que generan la composición de la leche y el impacto que tienen los altos recuentos de células somáticas sobre la calidad de algunos derivados lácteos como yogures, quesos y leche en polvo. En la parte final se presenta una reflexión sobre la problemática de los altos recuentos de células somáticas en Colombia y la falta de normatividad al respecto.

Resumo A mastite é a doença mais frequente nos rebanhos leiteiros e é a principal causa de perdas econômicas na produção de leite em todo o mundo. Essa reação inflamatória da glândula mamária causa efeitos na quantidade, composição, qualidade e aptidão de leite processado pela indústria. No entanto, na Colômbia, não há regulamentação sobre a contagem de células somáticas até o momento, o principal indicador de mastite, ou seja, não há limites oficiais que sejam referência para a indústria leiteira. O sistema de pagamento baseado na qualidade não incentiva o produtor a diminuir o nível de células somáticas. Isso coloca o país em desvantagem em comparação com outros países que exigem esse parâmetro em seu esquema de pagamento e com quem a Colômbia possui acordos de livre comércio, afetando negativamente a competitividade do setor. Este documento analisa os tipos de células somáticas, a microbiologia da mastite, sua etiologia, diagnóstico, alterações na composição do leite e o impacto da alta contagem de células somáticas na qualidade do leite. Alguns derivados de leite, como iogurtes, queijos e leite em pó. Na parte final, é feita uma reflexão sobre o problema da alta contagem de células somáticas na Colômbia e a falta de regulamentação nesse sentido.

Atuação do enfermeiro forense em casos de agressão sexual no contexto norte-americano / Desempeño de la enfermera forense en casos de agresión sexual en el contexto norteamericano / Performance of the forensic nurse in cases of sexual aggression in North American context

Objetivo: descrever a atuação do enfermeiro forense em casos de agressão sexual no contexto da assistência norte-americana. Método: revisão integrativa, conduzida nas bases/plataformas indexadas: Scientific Electronic Library Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, entre 2009 e 2019. Utilizou-se o Statement Preferred Reporting items For Systematic Reviews And Meta-Analyses, para a sistematização dos estudos. Resultados: sete artigos compuseram a amostra, os quais emergiram a categoria Atuação e capacitação ao exame forense dos enfermeiros forenses no atendimento de vítimas de violência sexual. Conclusão: a atuação deste profissional ocorre nos hospitais e clínicas especializadas, sendo aptos na realização da coleta de vestígios, exame físico, acolhimento, testemunho em crimes de violência, e no campo educacional para capacitar e treinar novos profissionais.(AU)

Objective: to describe the role of the forensic nurse in cases of sexual assault in the context of North American assistance. Method: integrative review, conducted on the indexed bases/platforms Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and Medical Literature and Retrieval System, between 2009 and 2019. It was used o Statement Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes, for the systematization of studies. Results: seven articles made up the sample, which emerged the category Performance and training in the forensic examination of forensic nurses in the care of victims of sexual violence. Conclusion: the performance of this professional occurs in hospitals and specialized clinics, being able to carry out the collection of traces, physical examination, reception, testimony in crimes of violence, and in the educational field to train new professionals.(AU)

Objetivo: describir el rol de la enfermera forense en casos de agresión sexual en el contexto de la asistencia norteamericana. Método: revisión integradora, realizada en las bases/plataformas indexadas: Scientific Electronic Library Online, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud y Literatura Médica y Retrieval System, entre 2009 y 2019. Se utilizó o Statement Preferred Reporting Ítems para Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metanálisis, para la sistematización de estudios. Resultados: siete artículos conformaron la muestra, de los cuales surgió la categoría Desempeño y capacitación en el examen forense de enfermeras forenses en la atención de víctimas de violencia sexual. Conclusión: la actuación de este profesional se da en hospitales y clínicas especializadas, pudiendo realizar la recolección de rastros, examen físico, recepción, testimonio en delitos de violencia, y en el ámbito educativo para capacitar a nuevos profesionales.(AU)

Dreaming during the Covid-19 pandemic: Computational assessment of dream reports reveals mental suffering related to fear of contagion.

The current global threat brought on by the Covid-19 pandemic has led to widespread social isolation, posing new challenges in dealing with metal suffering related to social distancing, and in quickly learning new social habits intended to prevent contagion. Neuroscience and psychology agree that dreaming helps people to cope with negative emotions and to learn from experience, but can dreaming effectively reveal mental suffering and changes in social behavior? To address this question, we applied natural language processing tools to study 239 dream reports by 67 individuals, made either before the Covid-19 outbreak or during the months of March and April, 2020, when lockdown was imposed in Brazil following the WHO's declaration of the pandemic. Pandemic dreams showed a higher proportion of anger and sadness words, and higher average semantic similarities to the terms "contamination" and "cleanness". These features seem to be associated with mental suffering linked to social isolation, as they explained 40% of the variance in the PANSS negative subscale related to socialization (p = 0.0088). These results corroborate the hypothesis that pandemic dreams reflect mental suffering, fear of contagion, and important changes in daily habits that directly impact socialization.

Overall Quality and Sanitation Evaluation of Fish Stores at Local Markets in Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia.

HIGHLIGHTS: Results indicated ineffective cleaning and sanitation of surfaces and utensils. High incidence of coliforms indicated inadequate product handling. The low compliance with regulations was corroborated by luminometry results. Deficiencies in hygiene practices could be indicative of potential food safety problems.

Evaluation of the Elecsys Chagas Assay for Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi-Specific Antibodies in a Multicenter Study in Europe and Latin America.

Serology is the preferred method to confirm a Chagas disease diagnosis and to screen blood donors. A battery of assays is often required due to the limited accuracy of single assays. The Elecsys Chagas assay is a newly developed, double-antigen sandwich assay for use on the Elecsys and cobas e immunoassay analyzers, intended to identify individuals infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, for diagnosis and screening. The performance of the Elecsys Chagas assay was evaluated in comparison with those of other widely used T. cruzi antibody assays, at multiple sites (Europe/Latin America). Relative sensitivity and specificity were assessed by using samples from blood donors, pregnant women, and hospitalized patients from regions where Chagas disease is endemic and from regions of nonendemicity. The Elecsys Chagas assay had an overall relative sensitivity of 100% (n = 674). Overall relative specificities were 99.90% (n = 14,681), 100% (n = 313), and 100% (n = 517) for samples from blood donors, pregnant women, and hospitalized patients, respectively. The analytical specificity was 99.83% (n = 594). The Elecsys Chagas assay detected T. cruzi antibodies in two World Health Organization (WHO) standard T. cruzi reference panels (panels 09/188 and 09/186) at a 1:512 dilution, corresponding to a cutoff sensitivity of approximately 1 mIU/ml. The Elecsys Chagas assay demonstrated robust performance under routine conditions at multiple sites in Europe and Latin America. In contrast to other available Chagas assays, the Elecsys assay uses a reduced number of recombinant T. cruzi antigens, resulting in a significantly smaller number of cross-reactions and improved analytical specificity while being highly sensitive.

Influência do ciclo circadiano nas variáveis celulares e bioquímico-séricas no sangue de caninos

Os exames laboratoriais são reconhecidos como importantes meios de auxílio diagnóstico na prática médico veterinária. Devido à importância e à grande demanda destes exames na rotina clínica, buscou-se avaliar a influência do ciclo circadiano na espécie canina. Para tal, foram avaliadas amostras de 12 caninos,fêmeas, da raça Beagle, em dois momentos do dia (09 e 16 horas), a fim de mensurar possíveis oscilações dos constituintes celulares do sangue e bioquímico-séricos. Com relação às variáveis eritroleucométricas, foi observada alteração significativa (p<0,05)na contagem de hemácias, concentração de hemoglobina e hematócrito. De outra parte, dos 13 constituintes bioquímico-séricos avaliados observaram-se variações significativas para proteína total, albumina, cálcio, fósforo, colesterol, aspartatoaminotransferase e fosfatase alcalina. Diante dos resultados obtidos neste ensaio, é possível afirmar que há variação de certas características eritrométricas e bioquímico séricasao longo do dia, mas que se mantiveram dentro dos valores referenciados paraa espécie canina.

Laboratory tests are recognized as important means of diagnosticaid in the veterinary medical practice. Due to the importance and great demand for thesetests on clinical routine, the influence of the circadian cycle on the canine species hasbeen evaluated. For that purpose, samples from 12 canines, Beagle females, wereevaluated in two distinct moments of the day (9 am and 4 pm), in order to measurepossible oscillations of the blood cellular constituents and serum-biochemicals.Regarding the eritroleucometric variables, it was observed important alteration (p<0,05)in the erythrocytes count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit. On the other hand,from the 13 serum-biochemical constituents that were evaluated, it was observedsignificant variations for total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol,aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Considering the results of thisessay, it is possible to affirm that there is variation of certain erythrometric and serumbiochemicalcharacteristics along the day, but they kept within the reference values forthe canine species.

[Study EXPO 2010: Overweight and Obesity in Childwood]. / Estudo EXPO 2010: Excesso de Peso e Obesidade Infantil.

INTRODUCTION: During the last decades, overweight and obesity in childwood have been suffering a significant rise. National data point towards a total prevalence up to 30% between 7 and 9 years of age. The tendency is worsening, especially in the lower socioeconomic status. The mentioned weight changes expose children to a higher risk of severe co-morbidities, justifying this way the need for early detection and orientation of the problem, particularly in the ages focused in Global Health Exams. OBJECTIVES: Ensure technical and scientific quality of the following records: overweight and obesity records in problems list, minimum diagnosis tests request and therapeutic counseling. METHODOLOGY: Dimension: technical and scientific quality of the records. Unit of study: children watched in health unit of authors, born from 01/01 to 31/12 2002 (inc) and 01/01 to 31/12 1995 (inc), with at least one medical surveillance carried out, respectively, to 5 or 6 years and at 11, 12 or 13 years, with BMI = 85th percentile; Evaluated Professionals: all family doctors; Time period evaluated: 2006-2009, inc. Data Type: clinical data. DATA SOURCES: SINUS ® and SAM ® version 9.2. EVALUATION: internal. Criteria for groups with overweight and Obesity, respectively: I and II) Registration in problems list, III and IV) Registration of minimum diagnosis tests request, V and VI) Registration of therapeutic counseling. DATA COLLECTION: May 2010. EVALUATION: Retrospective. SAMPLE: institutional basis, not random. Type of Intervention: Educational and structural. RESULTS: There were included 118 children with weight changes (prevalence of 15.2% for overweight and 10,1% for obesity). In 5-6 years-old children, all the criteria were "Unsatisfactory" (the best result was the record of therapeutic plan on overweight but still only 26,2%). Regarding to teenagers, the results were "Good" for Criterion III, "Satisfactory" for the IV and VI and "Unsatisfactory" for all the others. DISCUSSION: Devaluation of overweight and obesity as a health risk to child, diagnostic errors, Child and Youth Health Program limitations, lack of national clinical guidelines, eviction of traumatic procedures, registration failure and follow-up in Pediatrician or Nutritionist are factors that may justify the results. The re-evaluation will be realized after the application of the planned corrective measures.

Discursos de cirurgiões-dentistas do Programa Saúde da Família: crise e mudança de habitus na Saúde Pública / Discourse among dentists within the Family Healthcare Program: crisis and change of habitus within public health

No artigo são analisados os significados de discursos proferidos por cirurgiões-dentistas, que tratam das percepções sobre a própria inserção e atuação profissionais em serviços do Programa de Saúde da Família de municípios da área metropolitana de Fortaleza/CE. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, com base em entrevistas com informantes-chave, utilizando técnica derivada do método de "Análise de Conteúdo" e abordagem dialética. Os conteúdos temáticos evidenciam a percepção de contradições entre as motivações e expectativas iniciais de escolha e identificação profissionais; as ideações sobre a atuação profissional; o processo de formação na graduação; e as condições reais de inserção, atuação profissional e práticas de trabalho em serviços públicos de Atenção Básica à Saúde. Denota-se a crise de um determinado habitus profissional, em razão de sua inserção em um novo contexto de trabalho assalariado e prestação de serviços na esfera pública, diverso da expectativa e ideação iniciais de uma atuação profissional-liberal.

This paper analyzes the meaning of discourse among dentists relating to their perceptions of their place and professional activities within Family Healthcare Program services in municipalities in the metropolitan area of Fortaleza, CE. This was a qualitative study based on interviews with key informants, which used a technique derived from the content analysis method and a dialectic approach. The thematic content showed a perception of contradictions between the dentists' initial motivations and expectations from choices made and their professional identification; their ideation regarding their professional activities; the process of training and graduation; and the real conditions of integration, professional activities and working practices within public primary healthcare services. It denotes a crisis of a certain professional habitus, because of their integration into a new context of salaried work and service provision within the public sphere, differing from their initial expectations and ideation of liberal professional activities.

En el artículo se analizan los significados de discursos proferidos por cirujanos-dentistas que tratan de las percepciones sobre la propia inserción y actuación profesionales en los servicios del Programa de Salud de la Familia de municipios del área metropolitana de Fortaleza, estado de Ceará, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas con informantes-clave, empleando una técnica derivada del método de "Análisis de Contenido" y aproximación dialéctica. Los contenidos temáticos colocan en evidencia la percepción de contradicciones entre las motivaciones y expectativas iniciales de elección e identificación profesionales; las ideaciones sobre la actuación profesional; el proceso de formación en la graduación; y las condiciones reales de inserción, actuación profesional y prácticas de trabajo en servicios públicos de la Atención Básica a la Salud en Brasil. Se percibe la crisis de un determinado habitus profesional, en razón de su inserción en un nuevo contexto de trabajo asalariado y prestación de servicios en la esfera pública diferentes de la expectativa e ideación iniciales de una actuación profesional- liberal.

A concepção de doença nas perspectivas: histórica, filosófica, antropológica, epistemológica e política / The conception of disease: a historical, philosophical, anthropological, epistemiological and political approach

Este artigo apresenta resenhas de autores sobre as noções de doença, com base numa perspectiva teórico-explicativa onde buscamos problematizar as idéias mais recorrentes envolvidas na compreensão desse fenômeno...

Reflexões sobre a abordagem de time para o trabalho em equipe da enfermagem / Reflections on the team approach for nursing work / Reflexiones sobre el enfoque de equipo para el trabajo en grupo de enfermería

A velocidade das mudanças, a competitividade e a evolução tecnológica exigem novos processos de tomada de decisão, a partir da formação de times de trabalho em que a confiança, a comunicação, o encontrar "pessoas certas" e o desenvolvimento de um objetivo comum, são componentes essenciais, fazendo com que o cuidar transcenda seu significado etimológico e represente uma assistência holística. Neste estudo realizou-se uma revisão da literatura visando descrever as características do trabalho em equipe e elucidar novas abordagens para o trabalho da enfermagem. Para tal, a reflexão e a conscientização de mudanças no ambiente de trabalho cotidiano são imprescindíveis

The speed of the changes, competition and technological advance demand new decision-making processes, through work-teams in which trust, communication, finding the "right" people and developing a common objective are essential."Care-giving" transcends its etymological sense and takes on a meaning of holistic care. This study is a review of the literature which describes the characteristics of team work and new approaches to nursing work. Therefore, reflection and an awareness of changes in the everyday work environment are essential

La velocidad de los cambios, la competitividad y la evolución tecnológica exigen nuevos procesos de toma de decisión a partir de grupos de trabajo. Aquí la confianza, la comunicación, encontrar las "personas justas" y el desarrollo de un objetivo común son componentes esenciales que hacen que "cuidar" trascienda su significado etimológico y represente una asistencia holística. En este estudio se efectúo una revisión de la literatura con miras a describir las características del trabajo en grupo y la elucidación de nuevos enfoques para el trabajo en grupo. Para ello, es imprescindible reflexionar y ser conciente de los cambios en el día a día del ambiente laboral

O cuidado domiciliar no Programa de Assistência ao Paciente Crônico Grave no Hospital IPSEMG / Home care of chronic patient at IPSEMG

Trata-se de um estudo sobre o cuidado domiciliar inserido no Programa de Atenção ao Paciente Crônico Grave - PAPCG - do Hospital IPSEMG...

Comparison of the Sensititre YeastOne colorimetric antifungal panel and Etest with the NCCLS M38-A method to determine the activity of amphotericin B and itraconazole against clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp.

OBJECTIVE: The evaluation of the Sensititre YeastOne and Etest methods for determining susceptibility to amphotericin B and itraconazole by comparing the MICs obtained by these methods at different times of reading with those of the M38-A broth microdilution method. METHODS: Sixty-three clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. (23 Aspergillus flavus, 24 Aspergillus fumigatus, nine Aspergillus niger, three Aspergillus glaucus, two Aspergillus terreus and two Aspergillus flavipes) were assayed. Two itraconazole-resistant strains (NCPF7100 and 7099) were also included. RESULTS: Itraconazole MICs for the two resistant strains were >4 mg/L by the three methods. The overall agreement (+/-2 log2) between M38-A (48 h) and colorimetric (48 h) method was 93.4% for amphotericin B and 90.2% for itraconazole. By the Etest, the best agreement with M38-A was obtained when readings were made at 24 h: 88.5% for amphotericin B and 67.2% for itraconazole. Etest MICs were higher for all species except A. niger. CONCLUSIONS: The colorimetric method appears to be a suitable alternative procedure for antifungal susceptibility testing of Aspergillus spp. and is able to detect resistance to itraconazole. The range of MICs for amphotericin B by Etest is wider and for some strains is >16 mg/L, suggesting that this method could be useful for detecting resistant strains as occur in yeasts.