The Association of Personal Neglect with Motor, Activities of Daily Living, and Participation Outcomes after Stroke: A Systematic Review.

Despite its potential clinical impact, the association of personal neglect (PN) with motor, activities of daily living (ADL), and participation outcomes after stroke is not well-understood. This first-ever systematic review on the topic therefore evaluates this association, taking into account suggested subtypes of PN, including body representation neglect, somatosensory neglect, motor neglect, and premotor neglect. A systematic literature search was conducted on February 17, 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PubPsych, and PsycArticles databases. The study adheres to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, and its protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020187460). Eleven observational studies were included, gathering 1,400 individuals after stroke (429 showed PN). Results show that individuals with body representation neglect after stroke have significantly decreased movement control and motor strength, lower functional mobility, and ADL independency compared with those without body representation neglect after stroke. Individuals with motor neglect after stroke showed worse motor function and spasticity than to those without motor neglect after stroke. Nonspecified PN (i.e., PN evaluated with an outcome measure that does not allow subcategorization) was related to worse lateropulsion with pushing, longer length of stay and greater odds of being discharged to somewhere other than home. No study evaluated somatosensory and premotor neglect. This review highlights the limited research in this area and emphasizes the need for a more comprehensive PN assessment. However, currently available assessment tools show limited ability to accurately diagnose PN subtypes and future research should prioritize the development of comprehensive diagnostic test batteries.

Structural characterization of a galectin from the marine sponge Aplysina lactuca (ALL) with synergistic effects when associated with antibiotics against bacteria.

Lectins presents the ability to interact with glycans and trigger varied responses, including the inhibition of the development of various pathogens. Structural studies of these proteins are essential to better understand their functions. In marine sponges, so far only a few lectins have their primary structures completely determined. Thus, the objective of this work was to structurally characterize and evaluate antibacterial potential, in association with different antibiotics, of the lectin isolated from the marine sponge Aplysina lactuta (ALL). ALL is a homotetramer of 60 kDa formed by four 15 kDa-subunits. The lectin showed affinity only for the glycoproteins fetuin, asialofetuin, mucin type III, and bovine submaxillary mucin type I. The complete amino acid sequences of two isoforms of ALL, named ALL-a and ALL-b, were determined by a combination of Edman degradation and overlapped peptides sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry. ALL-a and ALL-b have 144 amino acids with molecular masses of 15,736 Da and 15,985 Da, respectively. Both structures contain conserved residues typical of the galectin family. ALL is a protein with antibacterial potential, when in association with ampicillin and oxacillin the lectin potentiates its antibiotic effect, included Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains. Thus, ALL shows to be a molecule with potential for the development of new antibacterial drugs.

Structural study and antimicrobial and wound healing effects of lectin from Solieria filiformis (Kützing) P.W.Gabrielson.

The SfL-1 isoform from the marine red algae Solieria filiformis was produced in recombinant form (rSfL-1) and showed hemagglutinating activity and inhibition similar to native SfL. The analysis of circular dichroism revealed the predominance of ß-strands structures with spectra of ßI-proteins for both lectins, which had Melting Temperature (Tm) between 41 °C and 53 °C. The three-dimensional structure of the rSfL-1 was determined by X-ray crystallography, revealing that it is composed of two ß-barrel domains formed by five antiparallel ß chains linked by a short peptide between the ß-barrels. SfL and rSfL-1 were able to agglutinate strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and did not show antibacterial activity. However, SfL induced a reduction in E. coli biomass at concentrations from 250 to 125 µg mL-1, whereas rSfL-1 induced reduction in all concentrations tested. Additionally, rSfL-1 at concentrations from 250 to 62.5 µg mL-1, showed a statistically significant reduction in the number of colony-forming units, which was not noticed for SfL. Wound healing assay showed that the treatments with SfL and rSfL-1 act in reducing the inflammatory response and in the activation and proliferation of fibroblasts by a larger and fast deposition of collagen.

Trypsin/α-Amylase Inhibitors from Capsicum chinense Seeds: Characterization and Antifungal Activity against Fungi of Agronomic Importance.

BACKGROUND: Protease inhibitors (PIs) have attracted attention due to their important roles in plant defense. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to characterize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the peptides of a family of serine PIs from Capsicum chinense Jacq. seeds. METHODS: Initially, PIs were extracted from the seeds and subjected to purification by chromatography, resulting in three different peptide enriched fractions (PEFs) termed PEF1, PEF2 and PEF3. Subsequently, the PEF3 was subjected to trypsin inhibition assays, α-amylase activity assays, antimicrobial activity assays on phytopathogenic fungi, and assays to determine the likely mechanisms of action. RESULTS: The PEF3 was composed of three protein bands with molecular masses ranging between 6 and 14 kDa. The amino acid residues of the ~6 kDa band showed high similarity with serine PIs. PEF3 inhibited the activity of the enzymes trypsin, human salivary α-amylase, and Tenebrio molitor larval α-amylase and inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, showing 83.7% loss of viability in Fusarium oxysporum. PEF3 induced reactive oxygen species in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and F. oxysporum to dissipate their mitochondrial membrane potential and activated caspases in C. lindemuthianum. CONCLUSION: Our results reinforce the importance of PIs in plant defense mechanisms against phytopathogenic fungi as well as in their biotechnological applications for the control of plant pathogens.

Debridement of axillary necrotizing fasciitis under anesthetic blocks of the serratus plane and supraclavicular brachial plexus: a case report

Abstract The regional techniques for axillary analgesia are well established. However, few studies have investigated surgical anesthesia. In this report, extensive debridement of axillary necrotizing fasciitis, including the posteromedial region of the right arm, performed under exclusive regional anesthesia in a patient with probable difficult airway is described. The procedure was accomplished under a Serratus Plane Block (SPB) and supraclavicular brachial plexus block, guided by ultrasound, and with venous sedation. We observed satisfactory anesthesia 15 minutes after the intervention, efficient intraoperative pain control and within the following 24 hours. Surgical axilla anesthesia is feasible with the described blocks.

Inhibition of Serine Protease, α-Amylase and Growth of Phytopathogenic Fungi by Antimicrobial Peptides from Capsicum chinense Fruits.

Plant fungal diseases cause major problems for the global economy. Antimicrobial peptides have aroused great interest in the control of phytopathogens, as they are natural molecules and have a broad spectrum of inhibitory activity. Herein, we have tried to identify and characterize antimicrobial peptides present in fruits of Capsicum chinense and to evaluate their enzymatic and antifungal activities. The retained fraction obtained in the anion exchange chromatography with strong antifungal activity was subjected to molecular exclusion chromatography and obtained four fractions named G1, G2, G3, and G4. The 6.0-kDa protein band of G2 showed similarity with protease inhibitors type II, and it was able to inhibit 100% of trypsin and α-amylase activities. The protein band with approximately 6.5 kDa of G3 showed similarity with sequences of protease inhibitors from genus Capsicum and showed growth inhibition of 48% for Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, 49% for Fusarium lateritium, and 51% for F. solani and F. oxysporum. Additionally, G3 causes morphological changes, membrane permeabilization, and ROS increase in F. oxysporum cells. The 9-kDa protein band of G4 fraction was similar to a nsLTP type 1, and a protein band of 6.5 kDa was similar to a nsLTP type 2. The G4 fraction was able to inhibit 100% of the activities of glycosidases tested and showed growth inhibition of 35 and 50% of F. oxysporum and C. lindemuthianum, respectively. C. chinense fruits have peptides with antifungal activity and enzyme inhibition with biotechnological potential.

Debridement of axillary necrotizing fasciitis under anesthetic blocks of the serratus plane and supraclavicular brachial plexus: a case report.

The regional techniques for axillary analgesia are well established. However, few studies have investigated surgical anesthesia. In this report, extensive debridement of axillary necrotizing fasciitis, including the posteromedial region of the right arm, performed under exclusive regional anesthesia in a patient with probable difficult airway is described. The procedure was accomplished under a Serratus Plane Block (SPB) and supraclavicular brachial plexus block, guided by ultrasound, and with venous sedation. We observed satisfactory anesthesia 15 minutes after the intervention, efficient intraoperative pain control and within the following 24.Çëhours. Surgical axilla anesthesia is feasible with the described blocks.

Lateropulsion with active pushing in stroke patients: its link with lesion location and the perception of verticality. A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Lateropulsion with active Pushing (LwP) is characterized by impairments in postural control. Previous research suggests an association between LwP, lesion location and verticality misperception. This first-ever systematic review evaluates the association between LwP, lesion location and the perception of verticality (PROSPERO: CRD42020159248). METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, REHABDATA, Embase, Cochrane Library and PEDro were systematically searched on December 16, 2021. Studies were included when examining lesion location or perception of verticality (Subjective Haptic, Visual or Postural Vertical) in supratentorial stroke patients showing LwP. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Data were qualitatively analyzed and extracted. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were included, examining a total of 340 LwP patients. Lesions in: the thalamus, internal capsule, inferior parietal lobule at the junction of the postcentral gyrus, the posterior insula and the superior temporal gyrus, were associated with LwP. Whereas all studies examining the Subjective Postural and Haptic Vertical (haptic only examined once) reported a significant increased deviation in LwP patients, inconsistent results were found for the Subjective Visual Vertical. Furthermore, the Subjective Visual and Postural Vertical showed inconsistent results for magnitude, direction and variability of this deviation. DISCUSSION: A complex brain network, rather than only one brain region, seems responsible for body control with respect to gravity. A disruption within this network might lead to a bias in the construction of a correct internal reference frame, crucial for perceiving verticality. There was an association of LwP with verticality misperception in all three modalities.

Anti-Candida Potential of Peptides from Immature and Ripe Fruits of Capsicum chinense Jacq.

The objective of this work was to purify and evaluate the antifungal potential of peptides present in immature and ripe fruits of Capsicum chinense Jacq. (accession UENF 1706) on the medical importance yeasts. Initially the proteins of these seedless fruits were extracted, precipitated with ammonium sulfate at 70% saturation, followed by heating at 80 °C. Subsequently, the peptide-rich extract was fractionated by DEAE-Sepharose anion exchange. The whole process was monitored by tricine-SDS-PAGE. The results revealed that the fraction retained in anion exchange column, called D2, of immature and ripe fruits significantly inhibit the growth of Candida albicans and C. tropicalis yeasts. Due to the higher yield, the D2 fraction of immature fruits was selected for further purification by reverse phase chromatography on HPLC, where sixteen different fractions (H1-H16) were obtained and these were subjected to antifungal assay at 50 µg mL-1. Although almost all fractions tested had significant growth inhibition, the HI9 fraction inhibit 99% of the two yeasts tested. The effect of treatment with HI3, HI8, HI9, and HI14 fractions on the viability of yeast cells was analyzed due to their strong growth inhibition. We observed that only 50 µg mL-1 of the HI9 fraction is the lethal dose for 100% of the cells of C. albicans and C. tropicalis in the original assay. Although the HI9 fraction had a fungicidal effect on both tested yeasts, we only observed membrane permeabilization for C. tropicalis cells treated with 50 µg mL-1 of this fraction. Through mass spectrometry, we identified that the 6 kDa peptide band of HI9 fraction showed similarity with antimicrobial peptides belonging to the plant defensin family.

Consumption of Omega-3 and Maintenance and Incidence of Depressive Episodes: The ELSA-Brasil Study.

Depression affects 264 million persons in the world, accounting for some 4.3% of the global burden of disease. Current studies indicate that the decrease in the consumption of omega-3 food sources is associated with the increasing incidence of depression. The study aims to assess the association between the consumption of omega-3 and the maintenance and incidence of depressive episodes in adults (39−64 years) and elderly adults (>65 years). This was a longitudinal study using data from the baseline and first follow-up wave of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Depressive episodes were obtained with the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (CIS-R), and food consumption was measured with the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Logistic regression was used to analyze associations between the consumption of omega-3 and depressive episodes. Fatty acids from the omega-3 family showed a protective effect against the maintenance of depressive episodes. In relation to incidence, the estimates suggest that the higher the consumption of omega-3 acids, the lower the risk of developing depressive episodes, and significant associations were found between the consumption of omega-3 and alpha-linolenic acid. Dietary consumption of omega-3, DHA, EPA, DPA, and alpha linolenic fatty acids may have a protective effect against the maintenance and incidence of depressive episodes.

Codium isthmocladum lectin 1 (CiL-1): Interaction with N-glycans explains antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Inflammation and oxidative stress are processes associated with different human diseases. They are treated using drugs that have several side effects. Seaweed are sources of potentially relevant natural compounds for use as treatment of these disorders. Lectins are able to reversibly interact with complex carbohydrates and modulate cell membrane glycosylated receptors through this interaction. This study aimed to determine the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of CiL-1 in adult zebrafish by modulation of TRPA1 through lectin-glycan binding. Possible neuromodulation by TRPA1 channel was also evaluated by camphor pretreatment. CiL-1 was efficacious at all tested doses, revealing anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in adult zebrafish. This galactose-binding lectin was also able to reduce the content of ROS in brain and liver. In silico analyses showed CiL-1 interactions with both ligands tested. LacNac2 presents the most favorable binding energy with the protein. The interaction occurs at 4 subsites as an extended conformation at the site. LacNac2-Sia had a less favorable curved-shape interaction energy. Based on the predictions made for the oligosaccharides, a tetra-antenate putative glycan was schematically constructed, illustrating an interaction between TRPA1 N-glycan and CiL-1. This binding seems to be related to CiL-1 anti-inflammatory activity as result of receptor modulation.

Structural characterization of a galectin isolated from the marine sponge Chondrilla caribensis with leishmanicidal potential.

BACKGROUND: Solving primary structure of lectins leads to an understanding of the physiological roles within an organism and its biotechnological potential. Only eight sponge lectins have had their primary structure fully determined. METHODS: The primary structure of CCL, Chondrilla caribensis lectin, was determined by tandem mass spectrometry. The three-dimensional structure was predicted and the protein-carbohydrate interaction analysed by molecular docking. Furthermore, the anti-leishmanial activity was observed by assays with Leishmania infantum. RESULTS: The amino acid sequence consists of 142 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 15,443 Da. The lectin has a galectin-like domain architecture. As observed in other sponge galectins, the signature sequence of a highly conserved domain was also identified in CCL with some modifications. CCL exhibits a typical galectin structure consisting of a ß-sandwich. Molecular docking showed that the amino acids interacting with CCL ligands at the monosaccharide binding site are mostly the same as those conserved in this family of lectins. Through its interaction with L. infantum glycans, CCL was able to inhibit the development of this parasite. CCL also induced apoptosis after eliciting ROS production and altering the membrane integrity of Leishmania infantum promastigote. CONCLUSIONS: CCL joins the restricted group of sponge lectins with determined primary structure and very high biotechnological potential owing to its promising results against pathogens that cause Leishmaniasis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: As the determination of primary structure is important for biological studies, now CCL can become a sponge galectin with an exciting future in the field of human health.

Potent Anti-Candida Fraction Isolated from Capsicum chinense Fruits Contains an Antimicrobial Peptide That is Similar to Plant Defensin and is Able to Inhibit the Activity of Different α-Amylase Enzymes.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are molecules present in several life forms, possess broad-spectrum of inhibitory activity against pathogenic microorganisms, and are a promising alternative to combat the multidrug resistant pathogens. The aim of this work was to identify and characterize AMPs from Capsicum chinense fruits and to evaluate their inhibitory activities against yeasts of the genus Candida and α-amylases. Initially, after protein extraction from fruits, the extract was submitted to anion exchange chromatography resulting two fractions. Fraction D1 was further fractionated by molecular exclusion chromatography, and three fractions were obtained. These fractions showed low molecular mass peptides, and in fraction F3, only two protein bands of approximately 6.5 kDa were observed. Through mass spectrometry, we identified that the lowest molecular mass protein band of fraction F3 showed similarity with AMPs from plant defensin family. We named this peptide CcDef3 (Capsicum chinense defensin 3). The antifungal activity of these fractions was analyzed against yeasts of the genus Candida. At 200 µg/mL, fraction F1 inhibited the growth of C. tropicalis by 26%, fraction F2 inhibited 35% of the growth of C. buinensis, and fraction F3 inhibited all tested yeasts, exhibiting greater inhibition activity on the growth of the yeast C. albicans (86%) followed by C. buinensis (69%) and C. tropicalis (21%). Fractions F1 and F2 promoted membrane permeabilization of all tested yeasts and increased the endogenous induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. buinensis and C. tropicalis, respectively. We also observed that fraction F3 at a concentration of 50 µg/mL inhibited the α-amylase activities of Tenebrio molitor larvae by 96% and human salivary by 100%. Thus, our results show that fraction F3, which contains CcDef3, is a very promising protein fraction because it has antifungal potential and is able to inhibit the activity of different α-amylase enzymes.

Central giant cell granuloma mimicking a periapical lesion of endodontic origin: A case report.

This paper aims to report a case in which central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) mimicked a periapical lesion of endodontic origin. An 18-year-old female patient was referred for diagnosis and treatment of extensive radiolucent periapical lesion involving 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 teeth. Clinically, the patient presented slight facial asymmetry and healthy teeth on the affected side with positive response to thermal vitality tests. Thus, an incisional biopsy was performed, which presented a histopathological picture characteristic of a CGCG. The endodontic treatment of the involved teeth was followed by surgical curettage of the lesion. After two years of follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic, with marked improvement in mandibular symmetry and adequate healing of the lesion. Therefore, the diagnosis of radiolucent periapical lesions must include lesions of endodontic and non-endodontic origin for better treatment planning and execution.

Evaluation of larvicidal potential against larvae of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and of the antimicrobial activity of essential oil obtained from the leaves of Origanum majorana L.

This study evaluated the larvicidal activity of Origanum majorana Linnaeus essential oil, identified the chemical composition, evaluated the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant potential. The larvicidal activity was evaluated against larvae of the third stage of Aedes aegypti Linaeus, whereas the chemical composition was identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer, the antimicrobial activity was carried out against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus auereus, the antioxidant activity was evaluated from of 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazila sequestration and Artemia salina Leach cytotoxicity. Regarding to the results, the larvicidal activity showed that O. majorana L. essential oil caused high mortality in A. aegypti L. larvae. In the chromatographic analysis, the main component found in O. majorana L. essential oil was pulegone (57.05%), followed by the other components verbenone (16.92%), trans-p-menthan-2-one (8.57%), iso-menthone (5.58%), piperitone (2.83%), 3-octanol (2.35%) and isopulegol (1.47%). The antimicrobial activity showed that E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria were more sensitive to oil than S. aureus, which was resistant at all concentrations. Essential oil did not present antioxidant activity, but it has high cytotoxic activity against A. salina L.

Ankle sprain risk factors: a 5-month follow-up study in volley and basketball athletes / Fatores de risco para entorse de tornozelo: estudo de 5 meses de acompanhamento em atletas de vôlei e basquete / Factores de riesgo de esguince del tobillo: estudio de seguimiento de 5 meses en atletas de voleibol y baloncesto

ABSTRACT Introduction Ankle sprain is a frequent sports injury among volley and basketball players, and identifying risk factors is necessary to prevent injuries and prolong their careers. Objective To identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors in basketball and volleyball players related to the risk of ankle sprain injury over a five-month follow-up period. Methods Ninety-four Brazilian young competitive athletes (15.8±1.7 years, 47 basketball and 47 volleyball players) participated in this study. They were evaluated for intrinsic risk factors (previous history of ankle sprain, dominant lower limb, ankle ligament laxity, range of motion of the ankle-foot complex, electromyographic response time of ankle evertors, postural control and muscular torque of ankle invertors and evertors) and extrinsic risk factors (type of shoes worn, use of orthosis, previous injuries while training or competing, and the players' position). Results During the study period, 18 (19%) athletes suffered unilateral sprains. Multivariate logistic regression analysis gave a final regression with four factors: dominant leg (p=0.161), type of shoes worn (p=0.049), player's position (p=0.153), and peroneus brevis muscle reaction time (p=0.045). There was an 86.1% probability of an ankle sprain if the athlete had a left dominant leg, wore shoes without vibration dampeners, or played in the small forward, wing/hitter spiker, middle blocker, or opposite spiker positions, and had a peroneus muscle reaction time longer than 80ms. However, only the player's position was significantly (p=0.046) associated with lesion occurrence. Conclusion The player's position appeared to be a risk factor in both sports, and this result may help professionals to prevent ankle sprains. Level of Evidence I; High quality randomized clinical trial with or without statistically significant difference but with narrow confidence intervals.

RESUMO Introdução A entorse de tornozelo é uma lesão esportiva frequente em jogadores de vôlei e basquete, e a identifica ção dos fatores de risco é necessária para prevenir lesões e prolongar a carreira. Objetivo Identificar fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos em jogadores de basquetebol e vôlei relacionados com o risco de entorse de tornozelo ao longo de cinco meses de acompanhamento. Métodos Noventa e quatro atletas brasileiros jovens e competitivos (15,8 ± 1,7 anos, 47 jogadores de basquete e 47 de voleibol) participaram do estudo. Foram avaliados os fatores de risco intrínsecos (história prévia de entorse de tornozelo, membro inferior dominante, frouxidão ligamentar do tornozelo, amplitude de movimento do complexo tornozelo-pé, tempo de resposta eletromiográfica dos músculos do tornozelo, controle postural e torques musculares dos inversores e eversores de tornozelo) e os fatores extrínsecos (tipos de calçado, uso de órteses, lesões prévias durante treinamento ou competição e posição dos jogadores). Resultados Durante o período do estudo, 18 (19%) atletas sofreram entorses unilaterais. A análise de regressão logística multivariada forneceu a regressão final com quatro fatores: perna dominante (p = 0,161), tipo de calçado (p = 0,049), posição do jogador (p = 0,153) e tempo de reação do músculo fibular curto (p = 0,045). Constatou-se uma probabilidade de 86,1% de entorse de tornozelo se o membro inferior esquerdo fosse o dominante, se o calçado não tivesse amortecedores ou se a posição de jogo fosse ala, ponta, saída de rede, oposto e tivesse um tempo de reação dos músculos fibulares maior que 80 ms. No entanto, apenas a posição do jogador foi significativamente (p = 0,046) associada à ocorrência de lesão. Conclusão A posição de jogo apareceu como um fator de risco em ambos os esportes e esse resultado pode ajudar os profissionais a prevenir entorses de tornozelo. Nível de evidência I; Estudo clínico randomizado de alta qualidade com ou sem diferença estatisticamente significante, mas com intervalos de confiança estreitos.

RESUMEN Introducción El esguince de tobillo es una lesión deportiva frecuente en los jugadores de voleibol y baloncesto, y la identificación de los factores de riesgo es necesaria para prevenir lesiones y prolongar la carrera. Objetivo Identificar factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos relacionados con el riesgo de esguince de tobillo a lo largo de cinco meses de seguimiento. Métodos Noventa y cuatro atletas brasileños jóvenes y competitivos (15,8 ± 1,7 años, 47 jugadores de baloncesto y 47 de voleibol) participaron del estudio. Se evaluaron los factores de riesgo intrínsecos (historia previa de esguince de tobillo, extremidad inferior dominante, lasitud del ligamento del tobillo, rango de movimiento del complejo tobillo-pie, tiempo de respuesta electromiogr á fica de los músculos del tobillo, control postural y el torque muscular de los inversores y eversores del tobillo) y los factores de riesgo extrínsecos (tipo de zapato, uso de ortesis, lesiones previas durante entrenamiento o competición y posición de los jugadores). Resultados Durante el período del estudio, 18 (19%) atletas sufrieron esguinces unilaterales. El análisis de regresión logística multivariada proporcionó la regresión final con cuatro factores: pierna dominante (p = 0,161), tipo de calzado (p = 0,049), posición del jugador (p = 0,153) y tiempo de reacción del músculo peroneo corto (p = 0,045 ) Se constató una probabilidad de esguince de tobillo de 86,1% si la extremidad inferior izquierda era la dominante, si el zapato no tenía amortiguadores o si la posición de juego fuera alero, punta, delantero de red, opuesto y tuviera un tiempo de reacción de los músculo del peroneo de más de 80 ms. Sin embargo, solo la posición del jugador fue significativamente (p = 0,046) asociada a la ocurrencia de lesión. Conclusión La posición de juego apareció como un factor de riesgo en ambos deportes y este resultado puede ayudar a los profesionales a prevenir esguinces de tobillo. Nivel de evidencia I; Estudio clínico aleatorizado de alta calidad con o sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa, pero con intervalos de confianza estrechos.

Evaluation of the effect of elastic bandage on the ankle basketball players with and without chronic instability / Avaliação do efeito da bandagem elástica no tornozelo de jogadores de basquete com e sem instabilidade crônica / Evaluación del efecto del vendaje elástica en el tobillo de atletas de baloncesto con y sin inestabilidad crónica

INTRODUCTION: Basketball is a sport that requires good motor coordination as well as intense and multidirectional movements. Chronic ankle instability affects about 40% of patients who have sustained a sprain injury. In order to minimize the effects of this dysfunction, functional elastic tape has been widely used due to its mechanical properties, having some positive effects on athletes' functional performance. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of elastic tapes on the ankles of basketball players with and without chronic instability. METHOD: Thirteen athletes from a varsity basketball team of both sexes, aged between 18 and 30 years (23.2 ± 3.2 years), who had been playing the sport for at least one year and trained at least twice a week. The subjects were assessed using the anterior drawer test for the presence or absence of chronic ankle instability and in three different situations: placebo, elastic tape and control, and the order of use of the implements was randomly determined, using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) to assess the ankle stability of these athletes. RESULTS: Among the eight directions proposed in the SEBT, there was statistical significance in the difference in three directions for the placebo method in comparison to elastic taping and control. There was no statistical significance in the difference in four directions between the assessments, and there was no statistical significance in the difference in all directions between the control and elastic tapes. CONCLUSION: It can be inferred from the study that elastic taping does not have positive effects on joint stability in athletes with and without chronic instability, taking into account their functionality. Levef of Evidence I; High quality randomized trial with statistically significant difference or no statistically significant difference but narrow confidence intervals. (AU)

INTRODUÇÃO: O basquete é um esporte que requer boa coordenação motora e movimentos intensos e multidirecionais. A instabilidade crônica de tornozelo acomete cerca de 40% dos pacientes que sofreram lesão por entorse. Visando minimizar os efeitos dessa disfunção, a fita atlética elástica vem sendo bastante usada por suas propriedades mecânicas, apresentando alguns efeitos positivos sobre o desempenho funcional dos atletas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da fita atlética elástica no tornozelo de jogadores de basquete com e sem instabilidade crônica. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 13 atletas de times de basquete universitário, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos (23,2 ± 3,2 anos), que praticavam a modalidade há pelo menos um ano, com frequência de treino de, no mínimo, duas vezes por semana. Os sujeitos foram avaliados pelo teste de gaveta anterior quanto à presença ou não de instabilidade crônica de tornozelo em três situações distintas: com placebo, com fita atlética elástica e controle, e a ordem de uso dos implementos foi randomicamente determinada, sendo aplicado o Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) para avaliar a estabilidade do tornozelo desses atletas. RESULTADOS: Entre as oito direções propostas no SEBT, houve significância estatística na diferença em três direções para o placebo, com relação à fita atlética elástica e o controle. Não houve significância estatística na diferença em quatro direções entre as avaliações e não houve significância estatística na diferença em todas as direções entre as avaliações controle e fita atlética elástica. CONCLUSÃO: A partir deste estudo, foi possível observar que a fita atlética elástica não tem efeitos positivos sobre a estabilização articular em atletas com e sem instabilidade crônica em termos da avaliação da funcionalidade. Nível de Evidência I; Estudo clínico randomizado de alta qualidade com ou sem diferença estatisticamente significante, mas com intervalos de confiança estreitos. (AU)

INTRODUCCIÓN: El baloncesto es un deporte que requiere una buena coordinación motora y movimientos intensos y multidireccionales. La inestabilidad crónica del tobillo afecta a aproximadamente el 40% de los pacientes que han sufrido una lesión de esguince. Con el fin de minimizar los efectos de este trastorno, la cinta atlética elástica viene siendo bastante usada por sus propiedades mecánicas, presentando algunos efectos positivos en el rendimiento funcional de los atletas. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto de la cinta atlética elástica en el tobillo de jugadores de baloncesto con y sin inestabilidad crónica. MÉTODO: Fueron evaluados 13 atletas del equipo de baloncesto universitario, de ambos sexos, con edad entre 18 y 30 años (23,2 ± 3,2 años), que practicaban la modalidad desde hace por lo menos un año, con frecuencia de entrenamiento de, como mínimo, dos veces por semana. Los sujetos fueron evaluados por el test de cajón anterior cuanto a la presencia o no de inestabilidad crónica del tobillo en tres situaciones diferentes: con placebo, con cinta atlética elástica y control, y el orden de uso de los implementos aleatoriamente determinado, siendo aplicado el Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) para evaluar la estabilidad del tobillo de estos atletas. RESULTADOS: Entre las ocho direcciones propuestas en el SEBT, hubo significancia estadística en tres direcciones para el placebo, con relación a la cinta atlética elástica y el control. No hubo significancia estadística en la diferencia en cuatro direcciones entre las evaluaciones y no hubo significancia estadística en la diferencia en todas las direcciones entre las evaluaciones control y cinta atlética elástica. CONCLUSIÓN: A partir de este estudio, fue posible observar que la cinta atlética elástica no tiene efectos positivos sobre la estabilización articular en atletas con y sin inestabilidad crónica, en términos de evaluación de la funcionalidad. Nivel de Evidencia I; Estudio clínico aleatorio de alta calidad, con o sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa, pero con estrechos intervalos de confianza. (AU)

Effects of athletic taping on performance of basketball athletes with chronic ankle instability / Efeitos da fita atlética na performance de atletas de basquete com instabilidade crônica de tornozelo / Efectos de la cinta atlética en el desempeño de los atletas de baloncesto con inestabilidad crónica de tobillo

INTRODUCTION: Ankle sprains are recurrent injuries in basketball, hence more and more athletes are taping their ankles to promote joint stability, aiming at improving dynamic balance and, consequently, functional performance. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of elastic and rigid athletic taping on the functional performance and level of comfort of basketball players with chronic ankle instability. METHODS: Twenty-one athletes aged between 18 and 30 years (mean age 23.7 ± 3.2) with chronic ankle instability (CAI), verified using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, were selected to take part in this study. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and the Figure-of-8 hop test (F8) were applied unilaterally to assess functional performance, considering the ankle of greater instability in three situations: without athletic taping, with rigid athletic taping and with elastic athletic taping. A draw was held to determine the order in which the tests (held over a number of days) would be applied. A questionnaire was conducted to assess comfort on the same day the athletic tapes were applied. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the tests in any direction of the SEBT, but there was a significant difference in F8 between the rigid athletic taping x control and elastic athletic taping x control situations. In addition, the elastic athletic tape was considered significantly more comfortable than the rigid athletic tape. CONCLUSION: Athletic taping appears to effectively improve the dynamic balance and functional performance of athletes with CAI only in activities that cause considerable joint stress, as is the case in F8. Elastic athletic tape appears to be just as effective as rigid athletic tape in these situations, in addition to being a significantly more comfortable alternative. Levef of Evidence I; High quality randomized trial with statistically significant difference or no statistically significant difference but narrow confidence intervals.

INTRODUÇÃO: No basquete, as entorses de tornozelo são lesões recorrentes e, por isso, cada vez mais atletas vêm utilizando fitas atléticas para de promover a estabilização articular, visando a melhora do equilíbrio dinâmico e, consequentemente, da performance funcional. OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos da fita atlética elástica e rígida sobre a performance funcional e o nível de conforto dos jogadores de basquete que têm instabilidade crônica de tornozelo. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados para este estudo 21 atletas com idade entre 18 e 30 anos (média 23,7 ± 3,2) com instabilidade crónica de tornozelo (ICT), verificada com a Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool. O Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) e o Figure-of-8 hop test (F8) foram realizados unilateralmente para avaliar a performance funcional, considerando o tornozelo de maior instabilidade em três situações: sem fita atlética, com fita rígida e com fita elástica. Um sorteio foi realizado para determinar a ordem na qual os testes (mantidos por vários dias) seriam aplicados. Um questionário foi conduzido para avaliar o conforto no mesmo dia em que as fitas atléticas foram aplicadas. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa entre os testes em nenhuma direção do SEBT, mas houve diferença significativa no F8 entre as tiras atléticas rígida vs. controle e elástica vs. controle. Além disso, a fita atlética elástica foi considerada significativamente mais confortável do que a rígida. CONCLUSÃO: As fitas atléticas parecem melhorar efetivamente o equilíbrio dinâmico e a performance funcional de atletas com ICT apenas em atividades que ocasionam grande estresse articular, como o F8. A fita atlética elástica parece ser uma alternativa tão eficaz quanto a rígida nessas situações, além de ser uma alternativa significativamente mais confortável. Nível de Evidência I; Estudo clínico randomizado de alta qualidade com ou sem diferença estatisticamente significante, mas com intervalos de confiança estreitos.

INTRODUCCIÓN: En el baloncesto, los esguinces de tobillo son lesiones recurrentes y debido a esto, cada vez más atletas han utilizado cintas atléticas con el fin de promover estabilidad articular, con el objetivo de mejorar el equilibrio dinámico y en consecuencia el rendimiento funcional. OBJETIVO: Verificar los efectos de la cinta atlética elástica y rígida sobre el rendimiento funcional y nivel de comodidad de los jugadores de baloncesto que tienen inestabilidad crónica de tobillo. MÉTODOS: Fueron seleccionados para este estudio 21 atletas con edad entre 18 y 30 años (promedio 23,7 ± 3,2) con inestabilidad crónica de tobillo (ICT), verificada con la Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool. Para evaluar el desempeño funcional se realizó el Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) y el Figure-of-8 hop (F8) de forma unilateral, teniendo en cuenta el tobillo de mayor inestabilidad en tres situaciones: sin cinta atlética, con cinta rígida y con cinta elástica. Los tests se llevaron a cabo en el orden definido por sorteo, y se realizaron en días diferentes. El mismo día que se utilizaron las cintas atléticas se aplicó un cuestionario para evaluar la comodidad de las cintas atléticas. RESULTADOS: No hubo diferencia significativa entre los tests en ninguna dirección del SEBT, pero hubo diferencia significativa en el F8 entre las cintas atléticas rígidas vs. control y elásticas vs. control. Además, la cinta atlética elástica fue significativamente más cómoda que la rígida. CONCLUSIÓN: Las cintas atléticas parecen mejorar efectivamente el equilibrio dinámico y el desempeño funcional de atletas con ICT sólo en actividades que causan gran estrés articular, como el F8. La cinta atlética elástica parece ser una alternativa tan eficaz como la rígida en estas situaciones, además de ser significativamente más cómoda. Nivel de Evidencia I; Estudio clínico aleatorio de alta calidad, con o sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa, pero con estrechos intervalos de confianza.

Antibacterial activity of a new lectin isolated from the marine sponge Chondrilla caribensis.

A new lectin from the marine sponge Chondrilla caribensis (CCL) was isolated by affinity chromatography in Sepharose 6B media. CCL is a homotetrameric protein formed by subunits of 15,445 ±2Da. The lectin showed affinity for disaccharides containing galactose and mucin. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed about 50% of amino acid sequence of CCL, which showed similarity with a lectin isolated from Aplysina lactuca. Secondary structure consisted of 10% α-helix, 74% ß-sheet/ß-turn and 16% coil, and this profile was unaltered in a broad range of pH and temperatures. CCL agglutinated Staphylococcus aureus, S epidermidis and Escherichia coli, and it was able to reduce biofilm biomass, but showed no inhibition of planktonic growth of these bacteria. CCL activity was inhibited by α-lactose, indicating that Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) of the lectin was involved in antibiofilm activity.