Debridement of axillary necrotizing fasciitis under anesthetic blocks of the serratus plane and supraclavicular brachial plexus: a case report

Abstract The regional techniques for axillary analgesia are well established. However, few studies have investigated surgical anesthesia. In this report, extensive debridement of axillary necrotizing fasciitis, including the posteromedial region of the right arm, performed under exclusive regional anesthesia in a patient with probable difficult airway is described. The procedure was accomplished under a Serratus Plane Block (SPB) and supraclavicular brachial plexus block, guided by ultrasound, and with venous sedation. We observed satisfactory anesthesia 15 minutes after the intervention, efficient intraoperative pain control and within the following 24 hours. Surgical axilla anesthesia is feasible with the described blocks.

Debridement of axillary necrotizing fasciitis under anesthetic blocks of the serratus plane and supraclavicular brachial plexus: a case report.

The regional techniques for axillary analgesia are well established. However, few studies have investigated surgical anesthesia. In this report, extensive debridement of axillary necrotizing fasciitis, including the posteromedial region of the right arm, performed under exclusive regional anesthesia in a patient with probable difficult airway is described. The procedure was accomplished under a Serratus Plane Block (SPB) and supraclavicular brachial plexus block, guided by ultrasound, and with venous sedation. We observed satisfactory anesthesia 15 minutes after the intervention, efficient intraoperative pain control and within the following 24.Çëhours. Surgical axilla anesthesia is feasible with the described blocks.

Ventilação mecânica protetora, por que utilizar? / Protective mechanical ventilation, why use it?

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As estratégias de ventilação mecânica (VM) vêm sofrendo modificações nas últimas décadas, com tendência ao uso de volumes correntes (VC) cada vez menores. Porém, em pacientes sem lesão pulmonar aguda (LPA) ou SARA (síndrome da angústia respiratória do adulto), o uso de VC altos ainda é muito comum. Estudos retrospectivos sugerem que o uso dessa prática pode estar relacionado à LPA associada à ventilação mecânica. O objetivo desta revisão é buscar evidências científicas que norteiem uma VM protetora para pacientes com pulmões sadios e sugerir estratégias para ventilar adequadamente um pulmão com LPA/SARA. CONTEÚDO: Realizou-se revisão com base nos principais artigos que englobam o uso de estratégias de ventilação mecânica. CONCLUSÕES: Ainda faltam estudos consistentes para que se determine qual seria a melhor maneira de ventilar um paciente com pulmão sadio. As recomendações dos especialistas e as atuais evidências apresentadas neste artigo indicam que o uso de um VC inferior a 10 mL.kg-1 de peso corporal ideal, associado à pressão expiratória final positiva (PEEP) > 5 cmH2O e sem ultrapassar uma pressão de platô de 15 a 20 cmH2O, poderia minimizar o estiramento alveolar no final da inspiração e evitar possível inflamação ou colabamento alveolar.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mechanical ventilation (MV) strategies have been modified over the last decades with a tendency for increasingly lower tidal volumes (VT). However, in patients without acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) the use of high VTs is still very common. Retrospective studies suggest that this practice can be related to mechanical ventilation-associated ALI. The objective of this review is to search for evidence to guide protective MV in patients with healthy lungs and to suggest strategies to properly ventilate lungs with ALI/ARDS. CONTENTS: A review based on the main articles that focus on the use of strategies of mechanical ventilation was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent studies to determine which would be the best way to ventilate a patient with healthy lungs are lacking. Expert recommendations and current evidence presented in this article indicate that the use of a VT lower than 10 mL.kg-1, associated with positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP) > 5 cmH2O without exceeding a pressure plateau of 15 to 20 cmH2O could minimize alveolar stretching at the end of inspiration and avoid possible inflammation or alveolar collapse.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Las estrategias de ventilación mecánica (VM), han venido sufriendo modificaciones en las últimas décadas, con una tendencia al uso de volúmenes corrientes (VC) cada vez menores. Sin embargo, en los pacientes sin Lesión Pulmonar Aguda (LPA) o SARA (Síndrome de la angustia respiratoria del adulto), el uso de VC altos todavía es algo muy común. Estudios retrospectivos sugieren que el uso de esa práctica puede estar relacionado con la LPA asociada a la ventilación mecánica. El objetivo de esta revisión, es buscar evidencias científicas que guíen una VM protectora para los pacientes con pulmones sanos y sugerir estrategias para una adecuada ventilación de un pulmón con LPA/SARA. CONTENIDO: Se realizó una revisión basándonos en los principales artículos que engloban el uso de las estrategias de ventilación mecánica. CONCLUSIONES: Todavía faltan estudios consistentes para determinar cuál sería la mejor manera de ventilar a un paciente con un pulmón sano. Las recomendaciones de los expertos, y las actuales evidencias presentadas en este artículo, indican que el uso de un VC menor que 10 mL.kg-1 de peso corporal ideal asociado a la PEEP > 5 cmH2O y sin rebasar una presión de meseta de 15 a 20 cmH2O, podría minimizar el estiramiento alveolar al final de la inspiración y evitar una posible inflamación o colapso alveolar.

Protective mechanical ventilation, why use it?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mechanical ventilation (MV) strategies have been modified over the last decades with a tendency for increasingly lower tidal volumes (VT). However, in patients without acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) the use of high VTs is still very common. Retrospective studies suggest that this practice can be related to mechanical ventilation-associated ALI. The objective of this review is to search for evidence to guide protective MV in patients with healthy lungs and to suggest strategies to properly ventilate lungs with ALI/ARDS. CONTENTS: A review based on the main articles that focus on the use of strategies of mechanical ventilation was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent studies to determine which would be the best way to ventilate a patient with healthy lungs are lacking. Expert recommendations and current evidence presented in this article indicate that the use of a VT lower than 10 mL.kg(-1), associated with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ≥ 5 cmH(2)O without exceeding a pressure plateau of 15 to 20 cmH(2)O could minimize alveolar stretching at the end of inspiration and avoid possible inflammation or alveolar collapse.

Antifibrinolítico em cirurgia cardíaca: como e quando usar? / Anfibrinolytic in cardiac surgery: how and when to use?

O sangramento pós-operatório continua sendo uma das principais complicações em cirurgia cardíaca. A etiologia desse sangramento é multifatorial, com hiperfibrinólise e disfunção plaquetária desempenhando papel fundamental Tendo em vista essas causas, as drogas antifibrinolíticas têm sido preconizadas. Desde a retirada da aprotinina do mercado, o ácido epsilon-aminocaproico e o ácido tranexâmico passaram a ser os únicos representantes disponíveis dessa classe de drogas. Essas medicações diminuem a perda de sangue e agem na resposta inflamatória associada ao procedimento cirúrgico. A eficácia variável dessas drogas ocorre devido aos vários esquemas terapêuticos e níveis séricos existentes. Recentemente têm surgido alguns questionamentos na literatura a respeito das complicações, doses, vias de administração e melhor momento para administração desses agentes...

The postoperative bleeding remains a major complication in cardiac surgery. The etiology of this bleeding is multifactorial, with hyperfibrinolysis and platelet dysfunction playing a key role. Given these causes antifibrinolytic drugs have been recommended Since the with drawal of aprotinin in the market, epsilon-aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid became the sole representatives of this class of drugs available. These medications reduce blood loss and act on the inflammatory response associated with surgery. The variable efficacy of these drugs is due to multiple drug regimens and serum available. Recently some questions have arisen in the literature regarding the comptications, doses, routes of administration and timing for administration of these agents...

Ventilação mecânica protetora no paciente com doença pulmonar obstrutiva / Protective mechanical ventilation in obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Justificativas e objetivos: várias doenças cursam com diminuição do calibre das vias aéreas, sejam elas superiores ou inferiores. Entre elas encontram-se a asma, a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), a fibrose cística, a bronquiectasia e a bronquiolite, sendo seus maiores expoentes a asma e a DPOC] O objetivo desta revisão é buscar evidências científicas que norteiem a ventilação mecânica protetora para os pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva e sugerir estratégias para se ventilá-los adequadamente. Método: foi realizada revisão da literatura com base em artigos que englobam o uso de estratégias de ventilação mecânica em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva, com enfoque em asmáticos e portadores de DPOC. Conclusões: diferentes modalidades ventilatórias não se mostraram superiores, sendo necessária sempre a monitorização dos . padrões de pressão e volumes impressos ao paciente - pressão de platô, a ser mantida abaixo de 30-35 cm de água; pressão de pico, que não deve ultrapassar 50 cm de água; e o volume pulmonar ao final da inspiração, que deve ser inferior a I,4L. A aplicação de PEEP extrínseca não representa benefícios clínicos em pacientes sedados, não hipoxêmicos e bem adaptados à ventilação mecânica, mesmo na presença de autoPEEP...

Justitications and objectives: Several diseases develop with the reduction of either upper or lower airway caliber. Among them are asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, a bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis, with asthma and COPD as the most important ones. l The objective of this review is to search scientific evidence which guide protective mechanical ventilation for patients with obstructive pulmonary disease and suggest strategies to provide appropriate ventilation. Method: A review of the literature was carried out based on scientifie papers whieh deal with the use of strategies of mechanical ventilation in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease, focusing on asthma and COPD patients. Conclusions: Different ventilation modalities were not better, with the need to monitor patterns of pressure and volume delivered to the patient: plateau pressure, maintained below 30-35 em of HP; peak pressure, which should not be over 50 em of H20; and the pulmonary volume at the end of inspiration, which should be lower than 1.4L. Application of extrinsic positive end-respiratory pressure (PEEP) does not represent medical benefits to sedated, non-hypoxemie patients well adapted to meehanieal ventilation, even in the presence of auto-PEEP...