[Psychological dysfunctions and management of cerebral palsy patients]. / Dysfonctionnements et prise en charge psychologiques des patients cérébrolésés.

Cerebrospinal patients are victims of acquired brain lesions of multiple etiologies: head trauma, stroke, brain tumors, arteriovenous malformations, progressive degenerative diseases. Their care requires a combination of neurological, neuropsychological, psychiatric and psychopathological knowledge. Psychological follow-up of patients with cerebral palsy is one of the dimensions of their care.

[Depression of the elderly]. / La dépression de la personne âgée.

The aging of the population increases the rate of depressive morbidity. It constitutes a major public health problem. In France, in 2018, people aged 65 or older represented 19.6% of the population. By 2040, they will represent about 25%. According to the World Health Organization, worldwide, among adults aged 60 and over, 15% suffer from a mental health disorder. 6.6% of disabilities are attributed to psychological or neurological disorders, the most common being dementia and depression (7%). A good knowledge of the depressive syndrome of the elderly is and will be essential for health professionals.

[Multiple sclerosis and daily care]. / Sclérose en plaques et soins au quotidien.

Multiple sclerosis is a progressive disease that is too often associated with the image of a wheelchair. However, this image does not reflect the reality of most patients. Even with basic treatment, relapses can persist. Less visible, fluctuating and often misunderstood symptoms can be the source of negative judgements: chronic fatigue labelled as laziness or as a lack of willpower, balance problems interpreted as drunkenness, mood fluctuations likened to hysteria, etc. The consequences of the disease are therefore physical, psychological and socio-economic. The aim is to preserve the quality of daily life. There are a number of aids and treatments available.

[Supporting the adaptation to the announcement of a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (2/2)]. / Accompagner l'adaptation à l'annonce d'une sclérose en plaques (2/2).

The emotional reactions that arise when a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is made are repeated at each stage of the pathology. They confront the person with a reality they thought they had mastered. Fighting with the disease means continuing to live one's personal, family, love and professional life. It is a matter of positive thinking by becoming aware of one's limits and finding the right balance between one's desires and one's capacities. The relationship of trust developed with the various professionals who will accompany the patient throughout his or her treatment is essential.

[Supporting the adaptation to the announcement of multiple sclerosis]. / Accompagner l'adaptation à l'annonce d'une sclérose en plaques (1/2).

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that most often begins in young adulthood. With at least 2,500 new cases diagnosed each year in France, it is the leading cause of severe non-traumatic disability among young adults. The announcement of MS constitutes a brutal intrusion into the life of the subject. The carers accompany the process of cognitive and emotional adjustment that is inevitable in order to learn to live with the disease.

[Screening for Alzheimer's disease by assessing memory impairment]. / Dépister la maladie d'Alzheimer en évaluant la plainte mnésique.

The feeling of memory failure is the most frequently expressed discomfort with age. The difficulty is to distinguish between a memory complaint and a memory pathology. Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed at the stage of dementia. Early detection and the prospect of treatments likely to act lead to an interest in its pre-dementia phase, which is known to precede the appearance of the dementia syndrome by several years.

[Assessment of autism spectrum disorder in young people]. / Évaluation du trouble du spectre de l'autisme chez les jeunes.

Autism is currently considered as a neurodevelopmental disorder called "autism spectrum disorder" (ASD). Its diagnosis is based on assessments focusing on two main areas: the presence of persistent impairments in communication and social interactions in varied contexts, as well as the presence of a stereotypical or repetitive nature of the subject's movements, use of objects or language. The complementary functional diagnosis enables a personalised project to be constructed taking into account the resources and difficulties of the individual with ASD. It focuses on cognitive, communication, psychomotor skills, as well as the degree of autonomy and the psycho-emotional resources.

[Neuropsychopathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. / Neuropsychopathologie de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a serious neuro-degenerative disease related to involvement of central motor neurons (cerebral cortex) and peripheral neurons (anterior horn of the spinal cord and motor nuclei of the medulla). Clinical progression is marked by extensive paralysis leading to death, most frequently by respiratory failure. Specific nursing care is required at each stage of the illness.

[Neuropsychopathology of people suffering from Parkinson's disease (2/2)]. / Neuropsychopathologie de la maladie de Parkinson (2/2).

A cognitive and psychological approach is essential to take into account all the phenomena which can be observed in the everyday life of patients with Parkinson's disease. In order to provide patients and their carer(s) with clear and specific answers to help them gain a better insight into their future everyday life, the non-motor symptoms associated with the disease must be identified: cognitive, psychological and behavioural disorders.

Neuropsychopathologie de la maladie de Parkinson (1/2).

PARKINSON'S DISEASE NEUROPSYCHOPATHOLOGY (1/2).: A progressive, neurodegenerative disease of unknown aetiology, Parkinson's disease is characterised mainly by motor disorders. As the disease progresses, other disorders appear: speech, swallowing, perspiration, genitourinary, etc., as well as cognitive and psychological conditions. The consequences are significant, both on a social level and in terms of autonomy. The treatment is specialised and multi-professional.

[Neuropsychopathology of stroke victims]. / Neuropsychopathologie des personnes victimes d'AVC.

A stroke is a medical emergency with potentially fatal consequences. The speed of the initial treatment has a direct impact on the person's outcome. Rehabilitation and the support provided to the patient and their families is long-term. There may be sequelae on a cognitive, emotional, professional or social level which require very specific care.

[Caring for people suffering from Alzheimer's disease]. / Les soins aux personnes souffrant de la maladie d'Alzheimer.

The provision of physical, mental and social care to people with Alzheimer's disease is a major public health challenge. With the awareness of progressive neurological disorders and their consequences, the personal and psychological dimension of each patient must lie at the heart of the care provided throughout the disease's progression. This personalisation can have positive clinical effects while helping to preserve as much as possible the dignity of the people concerned.