Preparation and characterization of different micro/nano structures on the surface of bredigite scaffolds.

The preparation of controllable micro/nano structures on the surface of the bredigite scaffold is expected to exhibit the same support and osteoconductive capabilities as living bone. However, the hydrophobicity of the white calciµm silicate scaffold surface restricts the adhesion and spreading of osteoblasts. Furthermore, during the degradation process of the bredigite scaffold, the release of Ca2+ results in an alkaline environment around the scaffold, which inhibits the growth of osteoblasts. In this study, the three-dimensional geometry of the Primitive surface in the three-periodic minimal surface with an average curvature of 0 was used as the basis for the scaffold unit cell, and a white hydroxyapatite scaffold was fabricated via photopolymerization-based 3D printing. Nanoparticles, microparticles, and micro-sheet structures with thicknesses of 6 µm, 24 µm, and 42 µm, respectively, were prepared on the surface of the porous scaffold through a hydrothermal reaction. The results of the study indicate that the micro/nano surface did not affect the morphology and mineralization ability of the macroporous scaffold. However, the transition from hydrophobic to hydrophilic resulted in a rougher surface and an increase in compressive strength from 45 to 59-86 MPa, while the adhesion of the micro/nano structures enhanced the scaffold's ductility. In addition, after 8 days of degradation, the pH of the degradation solution decreased from 8.6 to around 7.6, which is more suitable for cell growth in the hµman body. However, there were issues of slow degradation and high P element concentration in the degradation solution for the microscale layer group during the degradation process, so the nanoparticle and microparticle group scaffolds could provide effective support and a suitable environment for bone tissue repair.

Research in Tissue Engineering Scaffold Materials for Alveolar Bone Repair.

An increasing number of scaffold materials are available for repairing alveolar bone defects. As each material has its own advantages and disadvantages, these characteristics should be carefully considered. This paper presents a review of the currently available materials for repairing alveolar bone defects, including artificial ceramics, polymers, and metals. The combination of seed cells or growth factors with these materials is the future trend for the treatment of alveolar bone defects. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the advantages, disadvantages, and development status of various materials is carried out, providing a basis for future material selection.