The Suicidal Risks and Treatments, Seek Medications from Multi-disciplinary.

Suicide events and episodes are serious human psychiatric disorders affected by a great number of different environmental/economic factors, early trauma/abuse, human bad living habits, human genomic properties and drug intervention decisions. In order to improve antidepressant therapeutics in clinics, the relationships between efficacy and toxicities of antidepressants have to be considered fundamentally. Since the occurrences and risks of suicidal events or episodes come from interplay between insiders (chemical/genomic/bioinformatics factors) and outsiders (economic/social/ previous trauma conditions and so on), new perspectives and scientific studies must be implemented for revealing these interrelated factors step-by-step and updating therapeutics in human beings. New paradigms and clinical strategies -joint-expert groups and clinical practices (a psychiatrist with other field specialists) should be established for individual patients in future. Thus can some improvements in clinical trials be achieved in a long run?

The Efficacies and Toxicities of Antidepressant Drugs in Clinics, Building the Relationship between Chemo-Genetics and Socio-Environments.

Antidepressants generally relief human depressive symptoms and help depressed people. Nevertheless, some undesired clinical events, such as suicide have been emerging more recently. In order to improve and promote antidepressant utilizations in clinics, new researches are focusing on reevaluation of the relationship between efficacy and toxicities of antidepressants in China and US. These researches speed up quickly. Many creative ideas and discoveries have been made, including predictions of the efficacies and toxicities of antidepressants under the same evaluating systems (pharmacogenetics and bioinformatics), genome-wide associate study (GWAS) of the relationship between individual genetic factors and therapeutic outcomes of different types of antidepressants and socio-environmental factors. Hopefully, therapeutic efficacies and outcomes by different types of antidepressant treatments for patients can be improved in clinical trials in the near future.

New Perspectives of HIV/AIDS Therapy Study.

HIV/AIDS (acquired immune deficient syndrome), a human infectious disease was once listed as the No. 1 disease killer in US (1993). After the invention of antiviral drug cocktails-high active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), most HIV-infected patients can survive much longer than with single antiviral drugs or vaccines alone. However, it turns out to be a chronic disease owing to being incapable to eradicate HIV from infectious patients. Furthermore, potential newly outbreak of HIV epidemics caused by widespread drug-resistance or viral mutations is still looming over the globe. In order to counteract these drawbacks and possibilities of HAART, many hurdles must be passed. More creative and revolutionary ideas and worldwide cooperation efforts among academics, drug developers and governmental funding bodies must be encouraged and promoted. In this perspective, many important drawbacks and weaknesses relating to HIV/AIDS therapies are outlined and possible future solutions are highlighted.

Genetic and bioinformatic studies of antidepressant drug therapeutic efficacy and toxicity: a current overview.

Antidepressants can relief human depression and reduce human depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, some undesired clinical events, such as suicide have been emerging. As for 2004, the US and European regulatory agencies began implementing verification programs to assess the influence on suicidal behavior from the use of antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). With the increasing number of reported cases, several newly developed antidepressants were faced with withdrawal from the markets. Despite unclear cause of suicide, researches focusing on revealing the relationship between efficacy and toxicities of antidepressants have been initiated in China and US. To deal with these undesired clinical consequences, new initiatives and revolutionary ideas have been proposed and verified. Hopefully, therapeutic efficacies and outcomes by different types of antidepressant treatments can be improved for clinical trials in future.

Absorption, distribution and excretion of ¹4C-probimane in mice bearing lewis lung carcinoma.

Spontaneous neoplasm metastasis, a fatalist pathological feature of cancer, is a long-evolving, multi-steps process that can now only be treated or controlled by drugs or immuno-modulators. Probimane (Pro), as a representative of the well-known class of antimetastatic agents âBisdioxopiperazine compounds (Biz)â, is systematically studied for its absorption, distribution and excretion in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma by a radioactivity-detective method in this investigation. It is found that the (14)C-Pro concentrations in different normal organs of mice at 2 hrs are very high and dramatically declined at 24 and 48 hrs. However, Pro concentrations in metastatic foci are slightly changed at the same time. Almost no change of Pro concentrations is observed in pulmonary metastatic nodules within 48 hrs. This evidence can be used to explain the characteristics of good metastatic inhibition by Biz compounds. The radioactivity in brain is relatively low because Pro can hardly penetrate into the blood-brain-barrier to eliminate brain tumors. The excretion of (14)C-Pro is observed at the same ratios from both urine and feces and also at constant rates. These data are much useful for better understanding of the general pharmacological characters and possible antimetastatic mechanisms of actions of probimane and other Biz compounds from a new perspective and research angles.

Different spontaneous pulmonary metastasis inhibitions against lewis lung carcinoma in mice by bisdioxopiperazine compounds of different treatment schedules.

Spontaneous neoplasm metastasis, a fatalist pathological feature of cancer, is a long-evolving, multi-steps process that can now only be treated or controlled by drugs or immuno-modulators. As we have previously hypothesized, each drug or immuno-modulator might act differently within various stages of a metastasis. Therefore any researches helping to determine these differences will be beneficial for updating therapeutics for metastasis. In this work, we have testified this hypothesis by using a series of well-known anti-metastatic agents â Bisdioxopiperazine compounds.