ABSTRACT
Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) with mechanical and innervational upshoot poses a surgical challenge. We discuss a case of DRS with mechanical and innervational upshoot and its surgical management. An 11-year-old boy presented with left eye upward deviation since birth. This deviation was worst on the right gaze. His best corrected visual acuity was 6/6 OD and 6/60 OS. Refraction showed low hyperopia with low astigmatism in both eyes. Stereoacuity was absent and there was suppression on the Worth 4 dot test in the left eye. The left eye had large hypertropia of 50 prism diopter in primary gaze. Extraocular movements showed severe upshoot and narrowing of palpebral fissures on adduction and limited abduction (-2). The patient underwent Y-splitting of the left lateral rectus (LR) muscle of 10 mm, LR recession of 4 mm, and left eye superior rectus recession of 12 mm. A marked reduction in hypertropia in primary gaze was observed on day one and at two months postoperatively with residual upshoot on adduction. His left eye deviation remained stable after six months postoperatively.
ABSTRACT
An eight-year-old boy with autism developed gradual onset of vision loss and nyctalopia. Dietary history revealed a diet of only French fries and potato chips for the past four years. As a result, serum vitamin A was severely below the normal level. Ophthalmologic examination revealed a normal anterior segment with bilateral optic atrophy. Vitamin A supplementation was given to restore to normal level; however, the visual impairment was irreversible. Vitamin A deficiency is common in developing countries; however, to the best of our knowledge, there are no other reported cases of permanent visual loss secondary to vitamin A deficiency in Malaysia.
