Distribution of C14-labelled arteether in kidneys and livers of experimental mice after intramuscular injection.

To study the distribution and localization of oil-soluble arteether in experimental mice, we injected C14-labelled arteether (20 microCi/kg body weight) intramuscularly and measured radioactivity in the blood, kidney, and liver. The labelled arteether distributed and localized more to the kidney (819,180.4 +/- 34,134 dpm/cm3) than the liver (288,628.9 +/- 54,954 dpm/cm3) 4 hours post-injection. The main localization of labelled arteether was in the kidney cortex rather than the medulla (p < 0.05). However, the distribution of radioactivity was homogeneous in the liver. The terminal half-life of labelled arteether in the blood was 1.8 hours. The blood:kidney:liver ratio was 1:5:2. These findings show that labelled arteether was distributed quickly and localized in the cytoplasmic cortex of the kidney and homogeneously in the liver.

Food behavior and folate status of hill-tribe schoolchildren and women of childbearing age on the northern border of Thailand.

An insight into the folate nutritional status of the population is important from a public health perspective. The protective effect of folate against neural tube defects (NTDs) is widely recognized. To assess the health and nutritional status, especially folate status, of vulnerable hill-tribe groups, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 197 schoolchildren and 136 women of childbearing age in Chaloem Phra Kiat District, Nan Province, Thailand. The nutritional status of the study group was investigated by dietary survey, and blood samples were taken to determine hematocrit, protein, and serum and red blood cell folate. Anthropometric measurements were taken to assess body size, composition and nutritional indexes. The health and nutritional status of the hill-tribe schoolchildren and women of childbearing age were found to be unacceptable, particularly inregard to folate status, which was indicated by low folate levels found in the blood samples, and in the intake of this micronutrient.

Homocysteine, MTHFR C677 T, vitamin B12, and folate levels in Thai children with ischemic stroke: a case-control study.

Hyperhomocysteinemia has been identified as a risk factor for venous and arterial thrombosis especially in adult populations. Twenty-eight patients with an initial diagnosis of ischemic stroke and 100 controls, aged

Study on serum transcobalamin II in patients with murine typhus.

We measured the serum transcobalamin II in murine typhus- infected patients (n = 16) admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in 1996-1997, compared with healthy controls (n = 60). The results showed that the transcobalamin II (TCII) and total serum unsaturated vitaminB12 binding capacity (UBBC) in patients with murine typhus (2,126.5 pg/ml, range 1,262-4,568 and 3,771.5 pg/ml, range 1,576-6,763 pg/ml) were statistically significantly higher than normal subjects (987.5 pg/ml, range 678-2,000 pg/ml and 1,402 pg/ml, range 932-2,470 ml) (p<0.001). Serum TCII levels in patients (63%) were elevated during the febrile period and returned to normal post-treatment. These findings suggest that patients with murine typhus had stimulation of reticulo-endothelial system, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and skin and then released TCII into the blood circulation. The elevation in TCII may be used for confirming a diagnosis of murine typhus.

Vitamin B12 status of Thai women with neoplasia of the cervix uteri.

The vitamin B12 statuses of Thai women with high- and low-grade cervical dysplasia were studied and compared with women with normal cytological smears. Serum vitamin B12 and vitamin B12 intakes were assessed, as well as demographic characteristics, sexual behavior, reproductive and menstrual history, exogenous hormone use, personal and familial medical history, smoking habit, and other risk factors. The presence or absence of genital HPV DNA was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum vitamin B12 levels in women with normal cytological smears were significantly higher than those with both high- and low-grade cervical dysplasia (p<0.001). Low vitamin B12 serum levels were significantly statistically associated with increased low-grade (OR = 4.08; 95% CI = 1.41-11.79; p < 0.05) and increased high-grade cervical dysplasia risk (OR = 3.53; 95% CI = 1.24-10.04; p< 0.05) for the highest vs lowest quartiles of serum vitamin B12. This study indicated a relationship between low vitamin B12 status and increased risk of cervical cancer.

Elevation of serum transcobalamin II in patients with scrub typhus.

Serum transcobalamin II levels were measured in scrub typhus patients. Eighteen out of fifty-two patients admitted to Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital were diagnosed with scrub typhus infection. The serum unsaturated vitamin B12 binding protein (UBBC) and total vitamin B12 binding protein (TBBC) levels in these patients were significantly higher than in normal subjects (p < 0.001). The mean serum transcobalamin II level in the typhus patients was also significantly higher than in the normal subjects (p=0.004). There was a significant correlation between serum TCII levels and typhus IgM or IgG titers (p < 0.05), but not to total IgM levels. These findings indicate that patients with scrub typhus had stimulation of the recticuloendothelial system as a result of a considerable increase in transcobalamin II levels.

The hematological status, plasma vitamin B12 and folic acid levels, and intestinal pathology in rats infected with Giardia lamblia.

The purpose of our study was to investigate the hematological status, vitamin B12 and folic acid absorption and intestinal pathology after Giardia lamblia infection in a rat model. Adult Wistar rats were assigned randomly to receive human giardia cysts orally in the amount of 5 x 10(5) or 1.0 x 10(6) cysts, or none in the controls. The results showed that all the rats injected with giardia cysts became infected. The cyst output in the infected rats varied considerably. In rats infected with 5.0 x 10(5) giardia cysts, the incubation period until cyst output was 10 days compared with 4 days in rats infected with the higher amount of 1.0 x 106 giardia cysts. The highest peaks for cysts output in these 2 groups were on days 4-33, which decreased gradually to days 40-58. The hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in the infected rats were statistically significantly lower than in the controls on days 16, 22, 33, and 37 post-infection (p < 0.05). A reverse relationship between giardia cyst output and hemoglobin concentration was found in the infected rats (p = 0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma vitamin B12 and folic acid levels between the infected rats and the control rats. No pathological changes were found in the small intestine of infected rats. These findings suggest that giardiasis did not affect the absorption of plasma vitamin B12 and folic acid but caused anemia in a rat model.