Exploring the relationship between mothers' competence and comfort in sexual and reproductive health discourse with adolescent girls and its related factors.

OBJECTIVES: The mothers-adolescent discussion regarding sexual and reproductive health (SHR) issues plays an important role in preventing negative outcome associated with sexual risk behaviors. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between mothers' competence and comfort in SHR discourse with adolescent girls and its related factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 160 mothers from July to September 2020. Data were collected through questionnaires covering demographic characteristics, Mother's Comfort in Sexual Discourse (MCSD), Mother's Interest in Sexual Discourse (MISD), and Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC). The collected data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression models. RESULTS: The mean scores for MCSD, MISD, and PSOC were 45.49±16.15 (13-78), 7.9±4.2 (0-13), and 64.07±9.44 (45-94), respectively. The primary topics of mother-adolescent discourse on SRH were menstruation (5.61±0.98) and the delivery process (4.55±1.57). The mean age for "sex talks" and age-appropriate "sex talks" with daughters was 11.76±1.85 (range: 6-15) and 17.05±1.86 (range: 14-23) years, respectively. Significant associations were found between MCSD and MISD (ß=0.482, p<0.0001), PSOC (ß=0.223, p<0.005), self-efficacy (ß=0.202, p<0.011), mother's job (ß=0.185, p<0.019), mother's education (ß=0.173, p<0.029), and father's age (ß=0.161, p<0.042). After adjusting for other variables, major influencing factors on MCSD included MISD (ß=0.487, p<0.0001), self-efficacy (ß=0.143, p<0.039), satisfaction (ß=0.169, p<0.015), daughter number (ß=-0.235, p<0.014), son number (ß=-0.219, p<0.024), birth rank (ß=0.263, p<0.008), and residency (ß=0.172, p<0.014). CONCLUSIONS: MISD, PSOC, and certain demographic characteristics emerge as significant factors influencing MCSD in mother-daughter sexual discourse. As such, it is imperative to consider these determinants when devising strategies to maintain and enhance the sexual health of teenage girls.

Effect of Sexual Health Education of Mothers on Their Comfort and Intention to Discuss Sex-Related Topics with Adolescent Girls: A Controlled Intervention Study.

Sex education is one of the most challenging topics for mothers. Therefore, we examined the effect of sexual health education of mothers on their comfort and intention to discuss sex-related topics with adolescent girls. In this controlled intervention study, 160 mothers of 13- to 16-year-old girls were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control groups. The intervention group underwent sexual health training, while the control group received routine care. Paired t-test, chi-square, analysis of covariance, and multivariate analysis of covariance were used for the analysis of data. There was a significant increase in mean parents' comfort in discussing sex topics in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < .001). The intervention group had spoken with their child to a higher extent than the control group in all 13 items of parents' Intention index for discussing sex topics with the child (except for delivery and menstruation) (p < .05).There was no significant difference between groups for the mean age appropriate for discussing sex topics with the child, Sense of Competence as well as its dimensions, such as self-efficacy and satisfaction. Mean pre-to-post scores of sense of Competence in child rearing (p = .04) and self-efficacy (p = .037) significantly increased in the intervention groups, while they were not significant in the control group. Sexual health education was effective in the feeling of interest and comfort of mothers to discuss sex topics. Therefore, counseling services on mothers' speech interactions are recommended to promote adolescent girl's sexual health.

A path causal model in the association between self-efficacy and self-care with quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: An application of the structural equation model.

Background and Aims: The simultaneous role of self-care and self-efficacy in improving the quality of life (QoL) of diabetic patients has been less considered in previous studies. This study was aimed to investigate the path association between self-care and self-efficacy with QoL using the structural equation model (SEM). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 496 individuals of type 2 diabetic patients aged 35-75 years that were selected consequently from outpatients' clinic, in Babol, the north of Iran. The data collection instruments were demographic, self-care, self-efficacy, and QoL scales. The conceptual hypothesized model was designed based on previous evidence and tested by confirmatory factor analysis using SEM and path coefficients were estimated by the maximum likelihood method. Results: Self-care had a significant relationship with employment status, level of education, and body mass index. QoL was significantly associated with economic status and place of residence. Self-efficacy beliefs had a positive and a direct effect on both self-care and QoL. But self-care and self-efficacy tended to have a nonsignificant positive relationship with QoL. The postulated conceptual path model was acceptable through the SEM goodness of fit criteria. Conclusion: The findings show the fitness of the framework hypothesized structural model in the QoL of diabetic patients and this SEM makes this study unique from others. The results showed that the role of self-efficacy and self-care could be considered on the QoL. Therefore, nonpharmacological and supportive methods, such as strengthening self-efficacy and self-care, could be recommended as an effective method to enhance the QoL of diabetic patients.

The Effect of Prolonged Culture of Chromosomally Abnormal Human Embryos on The Rate of Diploid Cells.

BACKGROUND: A decrease in aneuploidy rate following a prolonged co-culture of human blastocysts has been reported. As co-culture is not routinely used in assisted reproductive technology, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the prolonged single culture on the rate of diploid cells in human embryos with aneuploidies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cohort study, we used fluorescence in situ hybridi- zation (FISH) to reanalyze surplus blastocysts undergoing preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) on day 3 postfertilization. They were randomly studied on days 6 or 7 following fertilization. RESULTS: Of the 30 analyzed blastocysts, mosaicism was observed in 26(86.6%), while 2(6.7%) were diploid, and 2(6.7%) were triploid. Of those with mosaicism, 23(88.5%) were determined to be diploid-aneuploid and 3(11.5%) were aneuploid mosaic. The total frequency of embryos with more than 50% diploid cells was 33.3% that was lower on day 7 in comparison with the related value on day 6 (P<0.05); however, there were no differences when the embryos were classified according to maternal age, blastocyst developmental stage, total cell number on day 3, and embryo quality. CONCLUSION: Although mosaicism is frequently observed in blastocysts, the prolonged single culture of blastocysts does not seem to increase the rate of normal cells.