[Clinico-immunological comparisons in evaluation of interferon system functioning in patients with multiple sclerosis]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskie sopostavleniia v otsenke funktsionirovaniia sistemy interferona u bol'nykh rasseiannym sklerozom.

In search for rational approach for immunotherapy individualization in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) assigned to interferon (IFN) treatment, an evaluation of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma production by peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) under standard induction and exogenous IFN priming in comparison with clinical characteristics was made. Fifteen patients with MS (6 males and 9 females, aged 25-58 years) with verified diagnosis of MS were examined. IFN production priming allowed to obtain characteristics of IFN system deficiency, which could not be detected by standard induction methods. Correlation between induced and primed PBL. IFN-gamma production and MS severity, duration and course was found. Patients with no PBL blood cells dissociate response to IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma exhibited less neurological deficit than those with associations in response. A use of blood cell sensitivity to exogenous IFN in individualization of MS immunotherapy with IFN-medications is discussed.

[Global amnesia syndrome among the initial clinical manifestations of brain tumors]. / Sindrome global'noi amnezii v nachal'nykh klinicheskikh proiavle- niiakh opukholei golovnogo mozga.

Global amnesia is observable in different lesions of the nervous system, including glial tumors of the brain. It is emphasized that global amnesia may turn out to be the first clinical manifestation of brain tumors. In such a case severe mnemonic disorders are likely to regress under the influence of vasoactive and dehydration therapy, which does not exclude, however, their tumorous genesis. These data should be taken into consideration during analysis of mnemonic disorders in neurological patients. All the patients with the above syndrome should be subjected to a long follow-up even in cases where the syndrome completely regresses under the therapeutic influence.

[Clinical picture and differential diagnosis of the pseudo-stroke syndrome in urgent somatic pathology]. / Klinika i differentsial'naia diagnostika sindroma psevdoinsul'ta pri urgentnoi somaticheskoi patologii.

A clinical and pathomorphological examination has covered 206 subjects who died due to various urgent somatic abnormalities (myocardial infarction, pulmonary thromboembolism, pneumonia, etc.) whose clinical picture was largely characterized by general cerebral and focal neurological symptoms. To denote the aforementioned conditions, the term "pseudo-stroke" has been utilized. Pathomorphological examination of the brain has revealed multiple cysts in the hemispheres and brain stem in 40.8%, single cysts in 17.0% and no focal damage to the cerebral matter in 42.2% of cases. On the basis of a retrospective analysis of neurological manifestations of the pseudo-stroke syndrome in urgent somatic abnormalities, the authors have identified the regularities of its course, criteria of differential diagnosis, and possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of the above conditions.

[Hypoglycemic states in the clinical picture of emergency neuropathology]. / Gipoglikemicheskie sostoianiia v klinike neotlozhnoi nevropatologii.

The authors made a clinico-electrophysiological analysis of hypoglycemic conditions in 20 patients admitted to the clinic with acute cerebral symptomatology. They describe the following neurological symptoms developing in hypoglycemia: paroxysmal disturbances of consciousness, including epileptic seizures; pseudostrokes; pseudotumours; comatose states. The paper presents criteria of the differentiation between primary cerebral disorders and neuroglycopenic symptoms of hypoglycemic conditions. These criteria include the development of consciousness disturbances in morning and after long intervals between meals, excessive weakness for sweets, fluctuations of the degree of focal and general cerebral symptoms from mild lipothymic states to the development of pronounced focal neurological symptomatology, the presence of high amplitude slow wave activity at all EEG leads and the efficacy of the intravenous administration of glucose. It has been shown that hypoglycemia may manifest itself by various cerebral disorders and that the development of recurrent hypoglycemic states may be responsible for secondary metabolic encephalopathy with various focal neurological symptomatology.

[A study of the interaction between the peripheral motor neurons of muscle antagonists by the H-reflex method under normal conditions and in spastic hemiparesis]. / Izuchenie vzaimodeistviia perifericheskikh motoneironov myshts-antagonistov metodom H-refleksa v norme i pri spasticheskom gemipareze

With the aid of the reflex method the authors studied the functional condition and interconnection of peripheral motoneurons of the muscles-antogonists in normal conditions and in spastic hemiparesis. In patients with spastic hemiparesis there was an increase in the inhibition latent period of the H-reflex following a conditioning stimula of the fibular nerve and a nonmonotonous restitution in the amplitude of the H-reflex during the periods of "late inhibition". These data permit to assume that in patients with pyramidal insufficiency the changes in the system of reciprocal inhibitive interaction of muscles-antagonists are fixed and are not subjected to a supraspinal control. This may determine the spastic character of the muscle tone in such patients.