[Interferon-regulating activity of the CelAgrip drug and its influence on the formation of reactive oxygen species and expression of innate immunity genes in Burkitt's lymphome cells cultures.]

INTRODUCTION: Interferons (IFN) and IFN inducers are effective in suppressing viral reproduction and correcting of the innate immunity mechanisms. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis of the possible involvement of the IFN inducer CelAgrip (CA) as an activator or suppressor of antiviral effects in Burkitt's lymphoma (LB) cell cultures with different ability to produce Epstein-Barr virus antigens (EBV). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The kinetic analysis of the dynamics of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and determination of gene group expression by real-time PCR in response to CA treatment were done in human cell lines LB P3HR-1 and Namalva, spontaneously producing and not producing EBV antigens. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: When treating CA in Namalva cells, a decrease in the ROS activation index was found; in P3HR-1 cells, an increase was observed. After treatment with CA, there was no reliable activation of the IFN-α, IFN-ß and IFN-λ genes in Namalva cells, but the expression of the ISG15 and P53(TP53) genes was increased more than 1200 times and 4.5 times, respectively. When processing the CA of P3HR-1 cells, the expression of IFN-α genes increased by more than 200 times, IFN-λ - 100 times, and the ISG15 gene - 2.2 times. The relationship between IFN-inducing action of CA and the activity of ISG15 and ROS in LB cell cultures producing and not producing EBV antigens is supposed. CONCLUSION: In Namalva cells that do not produce EBV antigens the treatment of CA results in suppression of ROS generation and activation of the expression of genes ISG15 and P53 (TP53); in P3HR-1 cells producing EBV antigens, the opposite picture is observed - the formation of ROS and the expression of the IFN-α and IFN-λ genes are activated and the activity of the ISG15 and P53 (TP53) genes is suppressed.

[Candida glabrata Rpn4-like Protein Complements the RPN4 Deletion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae].

Expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteasomal genes is regulated in a coordinated manner by a system that includes the ScRpn4 transcription factor and its binding site known as PACE. Earlier we showed that, Rpn4-like proteins from the biotechnologically important yeast species Komagataella pfaffii (Pichia pastoris), Yarrowia lipolytica, and Debaryomyces hansenii are capable of complementing the RPN4 deletion in S. cerevisiae in spite of their low structural similarity to ScRpn4. The opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida glabrata has a gene coding for a Rpn4-like protein, which has not been characterized experimentally yet. The С. glabrata ortholog ScRpn4 was expressed heterologously and found to restore the stress resistance and expression of proteasomal genes in a mutant S. cerevisiae strain with a RPN4 deletion. This complementation required the unique N-terminal region of CgRpn4. The results indicate that CgRpn4 acts as a transcriptional activator of proteasomal genes. The S. cerevisiae model can be used for further structural and functional analyses of CgRpn4.