ABSTRACT
This work tested anti- Helicobacter pylori, free radicals scavenging and toxicity property as well as chemical constituents in the extract of chloroform (CE) and ethyl acetate (EAE) from the pedicel of Diospyros kaki L. (PDK-CE and PDK-EAE). There were 33 and 36 chemical constituents respectively in the extracts of PDK-CE and PDK-EAE, belonging to the fatty acids methyl ester, fatty acids, and stearic acids, as revealed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The extracts did not exhibit any toxicity on NIH3T3 cells, but they significantly showed scavenging of NO, DPPH, and H2O2 free radicals. The extracts displayed in vitro anti-H. pylori activity. PDK-CE had the maximum inhibitory zone at a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 10⯵g. ml-1 and the extract also triggered the cellular damage in the bacteria. PDK-CE extract had a high urease inhibitory activity (IC50 value of 8.5⯵g). Further, in silico studies was performed by using 41 compounds against H. pylori urease (HPU) and H. pylori peptide deformylase (HPPD). The score value was the maximum (-19.58â¯kcal/mol) against HPU with 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol, while the score value was the maximum (-14.51â¯kcal/mol) against HPPD with hexadecanoic acid. The results demonstrated the importance of the pedicel extracts in future pharmaceutical drug development against H. pylori infections.
Subject(s)
Amidohydrolases/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Computational Biology/methods , Diospyros/chemistry , Helicobacter pylori/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Urease/drug effects , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Biphenyl Compounds/metabolism , Cell Death/drug effects , Chick Embryo , Chorioallantoic Membrane/drug effects , Free Radical Scavengers , Free Radicals , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods , Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy , Helicobacter pylori/enzymology , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Docking Simulation , NIH 3T3 Cells/drug effects , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Picrates/metabolism , Plant Extracts/chemistryABSTRACT
The present study aimed to purify and identify the metabolites from T. atroviride using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR) followed by analyzing their toxicological, antibacterial and anticancer properties. This work identified two metabolites - TM1 and TM2. TM1 was in two forms: (i) 1, 3-dione-5, 5-dimethylcyclohexane; and, (ii) 2-enone-3hydroxy -5,5-dimethylcylohex, while TM2 was 4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one-2,3,6-trimethyl. These metabolites did not exhibit any irritant or allergic reaction as revealed by HET- CAM test. TM2 significantly inhibited the growth of H. pylori and Shigella toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) as evident by in vitro and microscopic observations of bacterial cell death. TM2 also induced the cell death and cytotoxicity, as revealed by cell viability test and western blot analysis. According to microscopic, flow cytometer and western blot analysis, TM2 treated cells displayed higher ROS, cell death, and apoptosis-related protein expression than TM1 and control. This study concluded that TM2 derived from T. atroviride was a potential therapeutic agent for anti-prostate cancer and antibiotic agent against MDR- H. pylori and STEC and it is also recommended to carry out further in vivo animal model experiments with improved stability of the metabolites for future pharmaceutical trails.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Helicobacter pylori/drug effects , Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli/drug effects , Trichoderma/metabolism , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Escherichia coli Infections , Fermentation , Humans , Male , Shiga Toxin/metabolismABSTRACT
This study aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of Chinese cabbage Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (BRARP) and their antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties. Of the different solvents extracts, the chloroform extracts (CE) were significantly inhibited the bacterial pathogens at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16.5 mg.mL-1. Biochemical analysis revealed that total phenol (62.6 ± 0.05 mg GAE.g-1) and flavonoids (27.6 ± 0.04 mg QE.g-1) were higher in the extracts of BRARP, which resulted in enhanced antioxidant activity in CE. A total of eight dominant compounds were detected in the potent antimicrobial extract from BRARP based on GC-MS analysis. The molecular interactions study revealed that, among the screened compounds the 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and 2,3-dicyanopropionamide interacted with the active site of pathogenicity and survival related protein with lipopolysaccharide (LpxC) with higer binding energy. This work concluded that the 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid and 2, 3-Dicyanopropionamide from BRARP was reported to be good non-cytotoxic and antioxidant antimicrobials against bacterial pathogens.
