Phase transitions in strongly coupled three-dimensional Z(N) lattice gauge theories at finite temperature.

We perform an analytical and numerical study of the phase transitions in three-dimensional Z(N) lattice gauge theories at finite temperature for N>4, exploiting equivalence of these models with a generalized version of the two-dimensional vector Potts models in the limit of vanishing spatial coupling. In this limit the Polyakov loops play the role of Z(N) spins. The effective couplings of these two-dimensional spin models are calculated explicitly. It is argued that the effective spin models have two phase transitions of BKT type. This is confirmed by large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. Using a cluster algorithm we locate the position of the critical points and study the critical behavior across both phase transitions in details. In particular, we determine various critical indices and compute the helicity modulus, the average action, and the specific heat. A scaling formula for the critical points with N is proposed.

Phase transitions in two-dimensional Z(N) vector models for N>4.

We investigate both analytically and numerically the renormalization group equations in two-dimensional (2D) Z(N) vector models. The position of the critical points of the two phase transitions for N>4 is established and the critical index ν is computed. For N=7 and 17 the critical points are located by Monte Carlo simulations, and some of the corresponding critical indices are determined. The behavior of the helicity modulus is studied for N=5, 7, and 17. Using these and other available Monte Carlo data we discuss the scaling of the critical points with N and some other open theoretical problems.

[Modern structure of the pancreatic injuries].

Current structure of pancreatic traumas of peace time is considered. The dynamics, mechanism and characteristics of pancreastic injury are described. Surgical treatment of pancreatic injuries and causes of their inadequate management are analysed. This will contribute to improvement of the quality of treatment of pancreatic injuries and of expert evaluation.

[Pathomorphological study in craniocerebral injury]. / Patomorfologicheskie izmeneniia pri cherpno-mozgovoi travme.

Time course of the posttraumatic process in craniocerebral injuries is analyzed. Pathomorphological picture of changes in soft tissues of the head, meninx, and brain matter are described. Several periods are distinguished. Factors affecting the course of the posttraumatic process in the above-mentioned structures are discussed.

[The role of certain sections of the central nervous system in the genesis of sudden death]. / Rol' nekotorykh otdelov tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy v geneze vnezapnoi smerti.

Hypothalamic and hippocampal lipid composition in sudden death from coronary heart disease is studied. Thin-layer chromatography was the main method of biochemical analysis. Disorders in the lipid component of hippocampal cytostructures involved mainly the cholesterol fractions. Metabolic disorders in the hypothalamus involved the phospholipid metabolism. The above-mentioned biochemical changes were paralleled by ultrastructural abnormalities. Analysis of the data demonstrates a probable metabolic basis of a central mechanism of sudden cardiac death.

[Lipid composition of the hypothalamus and hippocampus in sudden cardiac death]. / Lipidnyi sostav gipotalamusa i gippokampa pri vnezapnoi serdechnoi smerti.

The study was made of hypothalamic and hippocampal lipid composition in sudden death of ischemic heart disease. Biochemical findings rest on the evidence obtained at thin-layer chromatography. Lipid disorders of the hippocampal cell structures were primarily related to cholesterol fractures. Hippocampal metabolism was impaired in phospholipids metabolism. These biochemical changes entailed changes in ultrastructure which may represent one of the central mechanisms of a sudden cardiac death.

[The metabolic changes in myocardial subcellular fractions in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease]. / Metabolicheskie izmeneniia subkletochnykh fraktsii miokarda v patogeneze ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

In the myocardial mitochondria (MCh) of persons who had died from ischemic heart disease (IHD) the content of phosphatidylcholine (PCh) and cardiolipin reduces while the amount of the products of their hydrolysis--free fatty acids (FFA) and lysophospholipids--increases. This is evidence of the breakdown of the membrane MCh phospholipids (PL). The content of PL, protein, FChS, FFA, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine in the sarcoplasmic reticulum increases. The increase in the amount of PL, protein, and free cholesterol (FChS) may be explained by an increase of their synthesis due to myocardial hypertrophy which was encountered in all of the cases studied. The accumulation of FFA and lysophosphatidylethanolamine is probably not linked with PL hydrolysis (their amount in this subcellular fraction increases) but is a consequence of other changes in myocardial lipid metabolism. Thus, in IHD hydrolysis of PL prevails in the myocardial MCh and their synthesis in the sarcoplasma reticulum. These changes in the metabolism of the subcellular fractions may lead to damage of the membranes of the cardiomyocyte MCh, which may be the cause of disorders of electrolyte metabolism and contractile properties of the myocardium in IHD.

[A set of equipment for rapid roentgenography based on diffusion photographic materials]. / Komplekt apparatury dlia ékspressnoi rentgenografii na osnove diffuzionnykh fotomaterialov.

The authors describe a set of equipment for x-ray diagnosis based on diffusion photographic material, including an exposure cassette, an outfit for image processing and a portable impulse x-ray device. That the use of the roentgenographic set under outpatient or field conditions holds promise is determined by rapid production of an image, small size and weight of the set, convenience in operation and by the information content of the image obtained.

[An x-ray diagnostic unit based on a gas-discharge converter]. / Rentgenovskaia diagnosticheskaia ustanovka na osnove gazorazriadnogo preobrazovatelia.

The authors describe a pulse x-ray unit based on a gas-discharge luminescent converter, including a two-channel high-voltage impulse generator, an x-ray radiator, and a control desk. The high dosage sensitivity of the gas-discharge converter and large dimensions of the operating field as well as small size, mass and power consumption make it possible to use the unit for roentgenoscopic low-dose examination in the medical diagnosis under outpatient conditions.

[Wounds and intraoperative injuries of the inferior vena cava]. / Raneniia i intraoperatsionnye povrezhdeniia nizhnei poloi veny.

An analysis of 1054 acts of medicolegal examinations of corpses of people who died from injuries of major vessels has been made. It was established that wounds of the v. c. i. took place in 0.7% of the cases. The experience with the treatment of 9 patients with thrust-cut wounds of v. c. i. and 14 patients with iatrogenic trauma of v. c. i. is described. Methods of help in the prehospital period, specific operative interventions, methods of postoperative management of patients with injuries of v. c. i. are described.

[Effect of alcohol on the calcium and protein content of the subcellular fractions of the human myocardium]. / O vliianii alkogolia na soderzhanie kal'tsiia i belka v subkletochnykh fraktsiiakh miokarda cheloveka.

It was established that in the persons who had died from acute ethanol intoxication the processes of calcium compartmentalization in myocardiocytes are disordered and characterized by a decrease of calcium content in mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum and an increase of its concentration in the supernatant fluid. Alcohol-induced changes of calcium compartmentalization in myocardiocytes may cause cardiac disorders and be, in particular, one of the possible links in the thanatogenesis of sudden death.

[Alterations of proteins and lipoproteins of blood and myocardium in acute alcohol intoxication]. / Izmeneniia belkov i lipoproteidov krovi i miokarda pri ostrom otravlenii étanolom.

In alcohol intoxication proteins and lipoproteins were altered both in human and mice blood and myocardium. Besides the species independent response towards alcoholic intoxication a series of specific alterations, related to species characteristics of the animal were found.