ABSTRACT
Our objective was to determine the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 and specific tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in tumor samples obtained from patients with primary breast cancer. We attempted to correlate these findings with the status of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) and clinical-pathological characteristics such as age, tumor size, histological type, histological grade, and vascular invasion. Tumor samples from 88 patients with primary breast cancer were analyzed. The immunoreactivity of VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in tumors was correlated with clinical and pathological features, as well as SLN status. Nonparametric, Mann-Whittney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearmann tests were used. Categorical variables were analyzed by the Pearson test. No statistically significant correlation was found between the amount of VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 and the presence of tumor cells in the SLN. However, larger tumor diameter (P < 0.01) and the presence of vascular invasion (P < 0.01) were correlated positively with a positive SLN. A significant correlation of higher VEGF levels (P = 0.04) and lower TIMP-1 levels (P = 0.04) with ductal histology was also observed. Furthermore, lower TIMP-2 levels showed a statistically significant correlation with younger age (<50 years) and larger tumor diameter (2.0-5.0 cm). A positive SLN correlated significantly with a larger tumor diameter and the presence of vascular invasion. Higher VEGF and lower TIMP-1 levels were observed in patients with ductal tumors, while higher TIMP-1 levels were observed in lobular tumors.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism , /metabolism , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/metabolism , /metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Neoplasm Staging , Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyABSTRACT
Our objective was to determine the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 and specific tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in tumor samples obtained from patients with primary breast cancer. We attempted to correlate these findings with the status of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) and clinical-pathological characteristics such as age, tumor size, histological type, histological grade, and vascular invasion. Tumor samples from 88 patients with primary breast cancer were analyzed. The immunoreactivity of VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in tumors was correlated with clinical and pathological features, as well as SLN status. Nonparametric, Mann-Whittney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearmann tests were used. Categorical variables were analyzed by the Pearson test. No statistically significant correlation was found between the amount of VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 and the presence of tumor cells in the SLN. However, larger tumor diameter (P < 0.01) and the presence of vascular invasion (P < 0.01) were correlated positively with a positive SLN. A significant correlation of higher VEGF levels (P = 0.04) and lower TIMP-1 levels (P = 0.04) with ductal histology was also observed. Furthermore, lower TIMP-2 levels showed a statistically significant correlation with younger age (<50 years) and larger tumor diameter (2.0-5.0 cm). A positive SLN correlated significantly with a larger tumor diameter and the presence of vascular invasion. Higher VEGF and lower TIMP-1 levels were observed in patients with ductal tumors, while higher TIMP-1 levels were observed in lobular tumors.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/metabolism , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyABSTRACT
PIP: The thin-layer chromatography methods described in Volume 2 of the "European Pharmacopeia" were tested to determine the most suitable methods for the identification of hormonal steroids and for the detection of impurities in these substances. The methods are based on partition chromatography for identification and on adsorption chromatogr aphy for the detection of impurities. Other adsorption methods developed by the authors were also tested. The study was conducted on 44 steroids, belonging to the groups of androgens, estrogens, progestinic and corticoid steroids. 9 chromatographic methods based on adsorption, 2 in bidimensional succession, and 7 methods based on partit ion were used. The work was carried out in 6 laboratories. The findings are summarized in 18 tables and illustrated in 13 figures. They were also processed by statistical methods in order to assess the reproducibility of the tests.^ieng
