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Blood ; 137(26): 3660-3669, 2021 07 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33763700

ABSTRACT

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is a glycolipid that anchors >150 proteins to the cell surface. Pathogenic variants in several genes that participate in GPI biosynthesis cause inherited GPI deficiency disorders. Here, we reported that homozygous null alleles of PIGG, a gene involved in GPI modification, are responsible for the rare Emm-negative blood phenotype. Using a panel of K562 cells defective in both the GPI-transamidase and GPI remodeling pathways, we show that the Emm antigen, whose molecular basis has remained unknown for decades, is carried only by free GPI and that its epitope is composed of the second and third ethanolamine of the GPI backbone. Importantly, we show that the decrease in Emm expression in several inherited GPI deficiency patients is indicative of GPI defects. Overall, our findings establish Emm as a novel blood group system, and they have important implications for understanding the biological function of human free GPI.


Subject(s)
Blood Group Antigens , Developmental Disabilities , Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/deficiency , Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/metabolism , Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) , Seizures , Blood Group Antigens/genetics , Blood Group Antigens/metabolism , Developmental Disabilities/enzymology , Developmental Disabilities/genetics , Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/genetics , Humans , K562 Cells , Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/genetics , Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/metabolism , Seizures/enzymology , Seizures/genetics
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