ABSTRACT
A fundamental understanding of cancer-specific antigens is crucial for successful T-cell immunotherapy. Sarcoma antigen 1 (SAGE1) is a cancer/testis antigen that has not yet been verified for T-cell immunotherapy applications. Here, we examined SAGE1 RNA expression and carried out IHC analyses, revealing that SAGE1 is expressed in 50% of non-small cell lung-cancer samples (n = 40). To verify the immunogenicity of SAGE1, we discovered a novel HLA-A*24:02 (HLA-A24)-restricted SAGE1 epitope (SAGE1597-606, VFSTAPPAFI) using mass spectrometry and identified SAGE1597-606-specific T-cell clones and T-cell receptors (TCR) from peripheral bloods of HLA-A24+ donors. The highest affinity TCR VF3 (KD = 4.3 µM) demonstrated the highest antitumor potency. Moreover, VF3-transduced T cells mediated the efficient killing of HLA-A24+/SAGE1+ tumor cells in vitro and effectively inhibited the growth of lung cancer xenografts in mice. Together, our data suggest that SAGE1 could be a target for T-cell immunotherapies against lung cancer, while its specific TCRs could be candidates for developing reagents to treat SAGE1+ tumors.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology , Immunotherapy/methods , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Animals , Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Disease Models, Animal , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , MiceABSTRACT
Leaching is the most important step of josephinite tailing recycle technology. This step can separate the valuable metal Mg from Si and other impure metal. Effects of sulfuric acid on leaching Mg efficiency from josephinite tailings were investigated. To obtain the leaching behavior, a modified unreacted shrinking core model that based on the experimental data was used to determine the dissolution kinetic parameters. The model was significant and showed that the dissolution of Mg2+ in josephinite tailing was controlled by the produce layer diffusion, apparent activation reaction energy E = 34.04 kJ x mol(-1). The produce layers obstruct the forward reaction of the dissolution of Mg2+.
Subject(s)
Nickel , Sulfuric Acids/chemistry , Waste Management/methods , Industrial Waste , Iron , Kinetics , Magnesium/chemistry , Mining , Models, TheoreticalABSTRACT
We have developed a strong inhibitor (S252W mutant soluble ectodomain of fibroblast growth factor recptor-2 IIIc, msFGFR2) that binds FGFs strongly and blocks the activation of FGFRs. In vitro, msFGFR2 could inhibit the promoting effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1 on the proliferation of primary lung fibroblasts. In vivo, msFGFR2 alleviated lung fibrosis through inhibiting the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and collagen deposit. In Western blotting of the right lung tissues and immunohistochemical assay, we found the level of p-FGFRs, p-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p-Smad3 in the mice of bleomycin (BLM) group treated with msFGFR2 was down dramatically compared with the mice of BLM group, which suggested the activations of FGF and TGF-ß signals were blocked meanwhile. In summary, msFGFR2 attenuated BLM-induced fibrosis and is an attractive therapeutic candidate for human pulmonary fibrosis.
Subject(s)
Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Lung/drug effects , Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Fibrosis/prevention & control , Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/therapeutic use , Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/metabolism , Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism , Actins/metabolism , Animals , Bleomycin , Blotting, Western , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Collagen/metabolism , Fibroblasts/cytology , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Peptide Fragments/pharmacology , Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced , Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism , Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/pharmacology , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology , Smad3 Protein/metabolismABSTRACT
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway is a recognized target of cancer therapy. We have developed a strong inhibitor (S252W mutant soluble ectodomain of FGF recptor-2 IIIc, msFGFR2) that binds FGFs and blocks the activation of FGFRs. Thermodynamic binding studies indicated that msFGFR2 bound FGF-2 16.9 times as strongly as wild-type soluble FGFR2IIIc ectodomain (wsFGFR2). It successfully suppressed the growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis of two tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo, and it potently inhibited cancer cell proliferation but not normal cell proliferation. Therefore, msFGFR2 is a useful probe for FGF-dependent signaling pathways and a potential broad-spectrum antitumor agent.
