ABSTRACT
Single denitrification using bacteria has been widely investigated, but few studies have focused on the simultaneous removal of nitrate, phosphorus. and tetracycline. Strain L2, an iron-reducing bacteria, was immobilized using chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol to simultaneously remove nitrate and phosphorus. The effects of carbon/nitrogen ratio (1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1), initial Fe2+ concentration (0, 15, and 30 mg·L-1), and HRT (2, 4, and 6 h) were assessed in bioreactors and optimum conditions were established. Results showed that the nitrate and phosphorus removal efficiency reached 100.00% (2.697 mg·L-1·h-1) and 81.93% (1.533 mg·L-1·h-1) under the conditions of carbon/nitrogen of 2:1, Fe2+ concentration of 30 mg·L-1 and HRT of 6 h. The precipitation of bioreactor, which identified as FeOOH by XRD, had significant adsorption on tetracycline. The results of high-throughput sequencing indicated that strain L2 played a significant role in denitrification. This bioreactor provided effective method for the treatment of polluted water contaminated by nitrate, phosphorus, and tetracycline.
Subject(s)
Bioreactors/microbiology , Chitosan/chemistry , Denitrification , Nitrates/metabolism , Phosphorus/metabolism , Polyvinyl Alcohol/chemistry , Tetracycline/metabolism , Waste Disposal, FluidABSTRACT
A calcium precipitating and denitrifying bacterium H12 was used to investigate the F- removal performance and mechanism. The results showed that the strain H12 reduced 85.24% (0.036â¯mg·L-1·h-1) of F-, 62.43% (0.94â¯mg·L-1·h-1) of Ca2+, and approximately 100% of NO3- over 120â¯h in continuous determination experiments. The response surface methodology analysis demonstrated that the maximum removal efficiency of F- was 88.98% (0.062â¯mg·L-1·h-1) within 72â¯h under the following conditions: the initial Ca2+ concentration of 250.00â¯mg·L-1, pH of 7.50, and the initial C4H4Na2O4·6H2O concentration of 800.00â¯mg·L-1. The scanning electron microscopy images, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction results suggested the following removal mechanism of F-: (1) the bacteria, as the nucleation site, were encapsulated by bioprecipitation to form biological crystal seeds; (2) Biological crystal seeds adsorbed F- to form Ca5(PO4)3F and CaF2; (3) Under the induction of bacteria, calcium, fluoride and phosphate coprecipitated to form Ca5(PO4)3F and CaF2. In addition, the gas chromatography data indicated that F- had little or no effect on the gas composition during denitrification, and the fluorescence spectroscopy analysis also proved that the extracellular polymeric substance (protein) is the site of bioprecipitation nucleation.