Tuning the structure of cerium-based metal-organic frameworks for efficient removal of arsenic species: The role of organic ligands.

The ability of organic ligands to change the structure of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in nature and influence their adsorption efficiency for arsenic species is enormous. The current work was designed to investigate the adsorption performance of cerium-based MOFs with tunable structures through the use of organic ligands (Ce-MOF-66 and Ce-MOF-808) towards arsenic species from water. The structural features of Ce-MOF-66 and Ce-MOF-808 with varying crystallinity, morphology, particle size, and surface area are considerably altered by organic ligands tuning, resulting in clearly distinct arsenate (As (V)) and arsenite (As (III)) adsorption capabilities. The experimental results showed that the Langmuir adsorption capacities of As (V) by Ce-MOF-66 and Ce-MOF-808 reached 355.67 and 217.80 mg/g, respectively, while for As (III) were 5.52 and 402.10 mg/g for Ce-MOF-66 and Ce-MOF-808, respectively. Except for the impact of PO43- on As (V), co-existing ions had no significant influence on adsorption, illustrating the high selectivity. Furthermore, to understand the structure and adsorption mechanism, two adsorbents were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, specific surface area, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in which identified that unsaturated sites and ligand exchange were the main adsorption mechanisms of As (V) and As (III). Overall, this research presents a novel approach for developing high-performance Ce-derived MOFs adsorbents to capture arsenic species.

UiO-66(Zr)-derived t-zirconia with abundant lattice defect for remarkably enhanced arsenic removal.

Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) exhibits great potential in the remediation of arsenic-polluted water. In this study, tetragonal zirconium oxide (t-ZrO2) with high lattice defects was facilely fabricated by regulating the Zr-metal-organic framework (MOF) (UiO-66) with sodium acetate modulator and examined to adsorb arsenic from water. Benefitting from the synergistic effects of mesopores structure and lattice defect, t-ZrO2 exhibited ultrahigh adsorption capacity and faster kinetics towards both arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)). The Langmuir adsorption capacity for As(V) and As(III) of 147.5 mg g-1 and 352.1 mg g-1 on t-ZrO2 in exothermic process, respectively, significantly outperforming reported counterparts in literature (generally ≤100 mg g-1). The faster adsorption kinetic of both As(III) and As(V) on t-ZrO2 is defined favorably by the pseudo-second-order model over a wide pH (3-11). Furthermore, arsenic is mainly captured by t-ZrO2 via forming Zr-O-As bonds through occupying coordinatively unsaturated zirconium atoms adsorption sites revealed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis. This study offers a new strategy for designing ultrahigh performance Zr-MOF-derived adsorbents for capturing arsenic.

Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Chinese Medicine Formula Jiajian Yunvjian on Experimental Cardiac Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction Induced by Coronary Artery Ligation.

Introduction. This study was designed to explore the effect and mechanism of a classic Chinese medicine formula Jiajian Yunvjian (JJYNJ) on cardiac remodeling. Cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) model was achieved by coronary artery ligation (CAL). Methodology. When dosed orally once daily, the effects of JJYNJ on hemodynamics, left ventricular weight index (LVWI), heart weight index (HWI), concentration, and gene expression of neuroendocrine factors as well as the histomorphological observation were determined. Results. After 4 weeks, mild cardiac remodeling in CAL group was characterized compared with sham group, but after 4 weeks of treatment of JJYNJ, hemodynamics improved, HWI reduced, and circulating angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and hydroxyproline (Hyp) concentrations as well as Ang II receptor type 1 (AT1R) mRNA, transforming growth factor ß 1 (TGF-ß 1) mRNA, and TNF-α mRNA levels in myocardium were lower than in CAL group. Decreased plasma aldosterone (ALD) concentration, cross-sectional area of cardiomyocyte, collagen volume fraction (CVF), collagen types I and III, perivascular collagen area (PVCA), and upregulated nitric oxide (NO) levels were observed at the same time. Conclusions. These findings suggest that JJYNJ may have a protective and therapeutic function on cardiac remodeling related to MI.

Cardioprotective effect of polydatin on ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in coronary artery ligation rats.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of polydatin on ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in coronary artery ligation rats and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. A rat model of ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction was established by left coronary artery ligation. Rats with coronary artery ligation were randomly divided into five groups: control, plus 40 mg/kg captopril, plus 25 mg/kg polydatin, plus 50 mg/kg polydatin, and plus 100 mg/kg polydatin. The sham-operated group was used as a negative control. Rats were administered intragastrically with the corresponding drugs or drinking water for seven weeks. At the end of the treatment, the left ventricular weight index and heart weight index were assessed. The cross-sectional size of cardiomyocytes was measured by staining myocardium tissue with hematoxylin and eosin. Collagen content was counted by Sirius red in aqueous saturated picric acid. The concentrations of angiotensin I, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and endothelin 1 in myocardium or serum were determined by radioimmunoassay. Hydroxyproline and nitric oxide concentrations and glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in serum were measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Our results showed that seven weeks of polydatin treatment resulted in a significantly reduced left ventricular weight index, heart weight index, serum concentrations of hydroxyproline and aldosterone, an increased concentration of nitric oxide as well as enhanced activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Myocardial angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and endothelin 1 levels were also reduced. The cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and collagen deposition diminished. This study suggests that polydatin may attenuate ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in coronary artery ligation rats through restricting the excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and inhibiting peroxidation.

Effect of gentiopicroside on experimental acute pancreatitis induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct in rats.

Gentiopicroside (otherwise known as Gentiopicrin), one of the main active ingredients from the traditional Chinese herb medicine Gentiana manshurica Kitag, presents the effect of attenuating acute pancreatitis in rats. The experimental acute pancreatitis was made by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct in rats. Gentiopicroside was given orally and it markedly reduced the pancreatitis-evoked increase of serum amylase and lipase activity, decreased the pancreas mass/body mass index, tissue water content, TNF-α and IL-1ß concentrations, and attenuated the histopathological changes and NF-κB p65 protein expression in pancreatic tissue. The results indicate that the function of gentiopicroside on acute pancreatitis may be related to inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators and NF-κB p65 protein expression.

[Comparative study on hepatic toxicity of gardeniae fructus and Huanglian Jiedu decoction].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of ingredients in Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDT) combined with Gardeniae Fructus on the hepatic toxicity of Gardeniae Fructus and its mechanism. METHOD: Rats were given Gardeniae Fructus and HLJDT decoction at the dose of 10 times of clinical dosage for 3 days. Their ALT AST, ALP, TBA were detected, and their liver weight index was calculated. SOD activity, MDA content, GSH-PX activity, TNF-alpha content in hepatic tissues were determined. The cell apoptosis in liver tissue was determined by TUNEL, and the expressions of apoptosis related proteins Bax, Bcl-2 were measured by immunohistochemical method. RESULT: Compared with the normal control group, the Gardeniae Fructus group showed significant increase in the liver weight index, ALT, AST, TBA and ALP, notable decrease in SOD, SOD/MDA and GSH-PX, and remarkable rise in MDA, TNF-a concentration, accumulated optical density, apoptosis index, Bax and Bax/Bcl-2. Compare with that in the Gardeniae Fructus group, the liver index, ALT, AST, TBA, ALP reduced obviously; SOD, SOD/MDA and GSH-PX markedly increased; MDA and TNF-alpha significantly reduced; the accumulated optical density and apoptosis index significantly reduced; and Bax/Bcl-2 was much lower in HLJDT group. CONCLUSION: The hepatic toxicity caused by Gardeniae Fructus may be related to inflammation, oxidative stress-induced hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis. Other ingredients in HLJDT, apart from Gardeniae Fructus, can decrease the hepatic toxicity caused by Gardeniae Fructus by increasing the enzyme activity eliminating radicals and inhibiting hepatocyte injury caused by inflammatory reaction against Gardeniae Fructus.

[Effects of extracts of Radix Scrophulariae on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats and the underlying mechanisms].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of extracts of Radix Scrophulariae (ERS) on blood pressure, vasoconstrictors and morphology of artery in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS: Fifty SHRs were randomly divided into SHR, SHR plus 40 mg/kg of captopril, SHR plus 70 mg/kg of ERS, SHR plus 140 mg/kg of ERS and SHR plus 280 mg/kg of ERS groups. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were randomly divided into two groups, namely, WKY and WKY plus 140 mg/kg of ERS groups. The rats were orally administered with the corresponding drugs or drinking water once a day for 20 weeks. The blood pressure was determined every three weeks. At the 21st week, the concentrations of noradrenaline (NA), angiotensin II (Ang II), thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F(1α) in serum and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The morphological changes in abdominal aorta were observed under an optical microscope with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The ratio of intima-media thickness/lumen radius of abdominal aorta was calculated. RESULTS: ERS significantly lowered the blood pressure of SHRs from the 3rd to the 21st week; ERS also reduced the levels of NA, Ang II, ET-1 and TXB(2), decreased the intima-media thickness of abdominal aortal wall and improved the morphological changes in abdominal aorta in SHRs. In addition, ERS did not significantly change blood pressure and vasoactive substances in WKY rats. CONCLUSION: ERS possesses beneficial effects in inhibiting hypertension and attenuating arteriosclerosis. The underlying mechanism may be associated with restraining the release of vasoconstrictors, such as NA, Ang II, ET-1 and TXB(2).

[Effect of Chrysanthemum indicum on ventricular remodeling in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects and mechanism of Chrysanthemum indicum on experimental ventricular remodeling induced by isoprenaline (ISO) and L-thyroxine (L-Thy). METHODS: The ventricular remodeling of mice were induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO with the dosage of 2 mg/kg daily for 7 d and the rats with L-Thy intraperitoneally with the dosage of 0.25 mg/kg daily for 9 d. After 7 days' treatment, the cardiac index and the Ang II content in myocardium of mice were measured. After 9 days' treatment, the ratios of LVW/BW, HW/BW of rats were calculated, the Ang II content in heart tissue and the ALD, TNF-alpha concentration in serun were determined by radioimmunoassay, the Hydroxy proline (Hyp) content in heart tissue were measured by hydrolysis method. RESULTS: After 7 - 9 days of treatment, Chrysanthemum indicum significantly reduced the left ventricular weight index and heart weight index in mice and rats with myocardial hypertrophy, decreased the content of Ang II in ventricular tissue in mice and rats, and reduced the ALD, TNF-alpha concentration in serum and the Hyp content in ventricular tissue in rats (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Chrysanthemum indicum can significantly attenuate the experimental ventricular remodeling; the mechanism may be related with restricting the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and decreasing the levels of Ang II, ALD and TNF-alpha.

Effects of Chinese herb medicine Radix Scrophulariae on ventricular remodeling.

The effects and mechanism of the extract of Radix Scrophulariae (ERS), a traditional Chinese herb, on experimental ventricular remodeling in rats was studied. Rats were separated randomly into 5 groups: sham, model, captopril (40 mg x kg(-1)) and ERS (8, 16 g x kg(-1)). The experimental ventricular remodeling was induced with ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery of the rats. The sham group was conducted the same procedure without ligation. After 4 weeks treatment with intragastric administration of the corresponding drugs, the left ventricular weight index (LVWI) and heart weight index (HWI) were determined. The concentrations of angiotensin II (Ang II) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) in myocardium were detected. Myocardium tissue was stained with HE and picric acid/Sirius red for cardiocyte cross-section area and collagen content measurements. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the gene expressions of AT1R, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 mRNA. ERS could significantly reduce the LVWI, HWI, decrease the content of Ang II, Hyp, diminish cardiocyte cross-section area and ameliorate collagen deposition. In addition, ERS could down regulate the gene expressions of AT1R, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 mRNA in myocardium. ERS has beneficial effect against ventricular remodeling. The mechanism may be related to decreasing the level of Ang II and cardiac fibrosis, modulating some gene expressions associated with cardiac hypertrophy.

[Influence of Chrysanthemum indium on collagen accumulation and signaling transduction pathways in left ventricular tissue of cardiac hypertrophy in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of Chrysanthemum indium on collagen accumulation and signaling transduction pathways in left ventricle tissue of cardiac hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic banding in rats. METHOD: Ventricular remodeling was induced by abdominal aortic banding (AAB) in rats. After 35 day treatment, the blood pressure was measured, then the ratios of LVW/BW and HW/BW were calculated. The histological assay was performed by HE staining for determining the myocardium cell cross section and picric acid/sirius red staining for determining collagen content. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expressions of PKC, bFGF and P38. RESULT: The experimental data demonstrated that C. indium could decrease blood pressure and the cardiac indexes of LVW/BW and HW/BW, significantly diminish cross sectional area of cardiomyocyte, ameliorate collagen accumulation such as collagen volume fraction, perivascular collagen area and collagen distributions of type I and II and significantly down regulate the protein expressions of PKC, bFGF and P38 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: C. indium can significantly attenuate the experimental ventricular remodeling. The mechanism may be related to reducing the blood pressure, decreasing the total collagen content of left ventricle tissue and modulating signaling transduction pathway.

[Progress in treatment of chronic heart failure in Western medicine and treatment strategies in traditional Chinese medicine].

The concept of modern medicine in treating chronic heart failure (CHF) has changed markedly in recent years. To improve the quality of life and prolong life, the treatment goal is no longer just temporary improvement of symptoms, more importantly, is to prevent and delay the occurrence and development of ventricular remodeling. Long-term chronic over-activation of sympathetic system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and other neuroendocrine factors promotes myocardial remodeling, increases myocardial injury and deteriorates cardiac function. Despite short-term use can significantly improve the blood flow dynamics, long-term use of beta-adrenergic receptor stimulators and phosphodiesterase inhibitors does not prolong life, but increases the rate of sudden death caused by cardiac arrhythmia. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers have become the preferred drugs in treating chronic heart failure. In fact, after long-term use, beta-blockers can significantly improve ventricular remodeling, enhance ventricular function and reduce the incidence of sudden death of patients with CHF. In traditional Chinese medicine practice, short-term use of drugs for warming yang and reinforcing qi can improve symptoms of CHF, but long-term use may have adverse effects, for these medicines can stimulate sympathetic system. Early treatment with medicines of cold and cool property may be more favorable to patients with CHF, except the advanced patients who need special intervention. Eliminating heat and nourishing yin may play more active role in controlling the occurrence and development of CHF. Drugs with good efficacy and value in treating CHF may be developed from the Chinese herbal medicines with eliminating heat and nourishing yin property.

[Experiment research of Jiajian Yunvjian granules on hyperthyroidism graves].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and the related mechanisms of Jiajian Yunujian (JJYNJ) granules, which were made from traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, on hyperthyroidism graves. METHOD: Except that in the normal group, all mice were injected 350 mcirog x kg x d(-1) L-Thyroxin sodium to establish the hyperthyroidism graves model. The model mice were divided randomly into model control group, 3 different groups of JJYNJ granules at oral dosage of 2.17, 4.33, 8.66 g x kg(-1), every day and thiamazole group at oral dosage of 10 mg x kg(-1) every day, respectively. The body weight, heart/body weight index, heart rate (HR), spontaneous activity and oxygen consumption of all the mice were measured. The serum T3, T4 levels were evaluated with the method of RIA. Meanwhile, the effect of JJYNJ granules and thiamazole on iodine uptake by thyroid was determined by radio-assay. RESULT: JJYNJ granules could improve the symptoms caused by thyroxin, increase body weight (P < 0.05), reduce heart/body weight index, spontaneous activity and oxygen consumption (P < 0.05). The HR of model group was (794.5 +/- 47.8) beats x min(-1), significantly faster than that of normal group (682.5 +/- 116.4) beats x min(-1). Those of low, middle and high JJYNJ granule group were (736.9 +/- 66.6), (742.1 +/- 62.3), (715.8 +/- 102.8) beats x min(-1) respectively, obviously slower than that of model group (P < 0.05). The serum T3, T4 levels of model group were (3.85 +/- 0.960), (234.46 +/- 58.11) microg x L(-1), significantly higher than those of normal group (0.99 +/- 0.30), (65.94 +/- 13.94) microg x L(-1), P < 0.01). Those of middle, high of JJYNJ granule group were (2.57 +/- 0.81), (164.27 +/- 72.63) microg x L(-1) and (2.70 +/- 0.55), (157.26 +/- 35.03) microg x L(-1). Those of thiamazole group were (2.88 +/- 0.59), (172.65 +/- 39.73) miicrog x L(-1). These values were significantly lower than those of model group. Thiamazole could significantly inhibit the iodine uptake in thyroid (P < 0.01), but JJYNJ granules did not block that obviously. CONCLUSION: JJYNJ granules could significantly improve the symptoms of experimental hyperthyroidism graves. Its mechanisms may be different from that of thiamazole, which is related to inhibiting the synthesis of thyroxin in thyroid.

[The study of Xuanshen on ventricular remodeling and cardiac endothelin-1 expression in rats treated with pressure-overload].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of Xuanshen on cardiac endothelin-1 expression, ventricular remodeling and its mechanism in rats treated with pressure-overload. METHODS: The ventricular remodeling model was induced by abdominal aortic stenosis in rats. Meanwhile, sham-operated rats were established as the control group. 8 weeks after drug interference, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), left ventricular weight and heart weight index (LVWI and HWI), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), cardiac endothelin-1 concentration and its gene expression were determined. RESULTS: Compared with those of sham-operated rats, the HR, SBP, DBP, LVWI and HWI of the model rats were increased significantly. The activity of SOD decreased, the concentration of cardiac endothelin-1 and its gene expression increased. In groups treated with Xuanshen, the HR, SBP, DBP, LVWI and HWI declined and the activity of SOD was improved. Moreover, the concentration of cardiac endothelin-1 and its gene expression decreased. CONCLUSION: Pressure-overload may induce oxidative stress and over-expression of cardiac endothelin-1. Xuanshen can inhibit ventricular remodeling. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and down regulation of endothelin-1 expression.

[Influence of Tinglizi on collagen volume fraction and perivascular collagen area in left ventricle tissue of cardiac hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic banding in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of Tinglizi on collagen volume fraction (CVF) and perivascular collagen volume area (PVCA ) in left ventricle tissue of cardiac hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic banding in rats. METHOD: Ventricular remodeling was induced by abdominal aortic banding (AAB) in rats. After 30 day treatment, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP); heart rate (HR) were measured. The histological assay consisted of the HE stain for determining the myo-cardium cell cross section and collagen stain (Van Gieson' method) for determining collagen content, including collagen volume fracton (CVF) and perivascular collagen volume area (PVCA). RESULT: The experimental data demonstrated that Tinglizi decreased SBP, DBP, HR and could significantly reduce the total collagen content (CVF, PVCA) and lessen the myocardium cell cross section (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Tinglizi may decrease the total collagen content of ventricle and attenuate the ventricular remodeling induced by abdominal aortic banding.

[Comparative study of Scrophulariae and Aconite in inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy in rats and mice].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Scrophulariae of cold nature and Aconite of hot nature on myocardial hypertrophy and neuroendocrine factors in rats and mice. METHODS: A mouse model of myocardial hypertrophy was established by hypodermic injection of isoproterenol. Sixty myocardial hypertrophy mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, untreated group, metoprolol-treated group, Scrophulariae-treated group and Aconite-treated group. A rat model of myocardial hypertrophy was established by peritoneal injection of L-thyroxin. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, untreated group, captopril-treated group, Scrophulariae-treated group and Aconite-treated group. After 7-9 days of treatment with intragastric administration of the corresponding drugs, the effects of Scrophulariae and Aconite on left ventricular weight index (LVWI) and heart weight index (HWI) were determined. The concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in plasma and angiotensin II (Ang II) in myocardium were detected through radio-immunity method. Cardiocyte cross-section area was determined by using HE staining. RESULTS: Scrophulariae of cold nature could significantly reduce the LVWI, HWI and cardiocyte cross-section area, and could decrease the content of cAMP and Ang II. However, Aconite had no such effects. CONCLUSION: Scrophulariae of cold nature can inhibit myocardial hypertrophy through restraining the activity of sympathetic nervous system and decreasing the level of Ang II. The inhibition of Aconite of hot nature on cardiac hypertrophy is not significant.

[Semen descurainiae inhibits CYP11B1, CYP11B2 and TGF-beta1 mRNA expression in left ventricular].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Semen descurainiae and Captopril on CYP11B1, CYP11B2 and TGF-beta1 mRNA expression of heart tissue in rats treated with Abdominal Aortic Banding. METHODS: Ventricular remodeling was induced by abdominal aortic banding (AAB) in rats. After 30 days' treatment, the ratios of LVW/BW (left ventricle weight/body weight), HW/BW (heart weight/body weight) were calculated; Then the CYP11B, CYP11B2 and TGF-beta1 mRNA expression of left ventricle were detected by Real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS: The experimental data demonstrated that Semen descurainiae decreased the indexes of LVW/BW and HW/BW, down-regulated CYP11B, CYP11B2 and TGF-beta1 mRNA expression in left ventricle (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Semen desceurainiae can significantly inhibit the experimental ventricular remodeling; the mechanism is related to its ability to attenuate the mRNA expression of CYP11B1, CYP11B2 and TGF-beta1 in left ventricle. The inhibition of aldosterone key gene expression by Semen descurainiae may contribute to its effect on restraint cardiac remodeling.

[Influnce of Tinglizi on some neuroendocrine factors and type I and III collagen in ventricular remodeling induced by abdominal aortic banding in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To approach the influnce of Tinglizi on some neuroendocrine factors and type I and III collagen in ventricular remodeling induced by Abdominal Aortic Banding (AAB) in rats. METHODS: Myocardial hypertrophy ventricular remodeling model was induced by abdominal aortic banding (AAB) in rats. After 30 day treatment, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured; Then the ratios of LVW/BW (left ventricle weight/body weight), HW/BW (heart weight/body weight) were calculated; The Angiotensin II (Ang II) and Endothelin (ET-1) content in heart tissue and the Aldosterone (ALD) concentration of blood plasma were determined by radioimmunoassay. The content of type I and III collagen in myocardium were determined using immunohistochemical analysis. Hydroxy proline content in heart tissue was measured by hydrolysis method. RESULTS: The experimental data demonstrated that Tinglizi could decrease SBP, DBP and the cardiac indexes of LVW/BW and HW/BW, significantly reduce the content of ANg II, ALD and ET, decrease the total collagen content and type I and III collagen (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Tiglizi can significantly attenuate the experimental ventricular remodeling; the mechanism is related with its ability to inhibit the activation of rennin-angiontensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and systema nervosum sympatheticum (SNS), decrease the content of neuroendocrine factors (Ang II , ET, ALD).

[Experimental research of Shuanghuang Shengbai granule on hematopoietic cells of leucopenia model mice].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the leukogenic function of Shuanghuang Shengbai (SHSB) granule and the related mechanisms. METHOD: Mouse leukopenic models were induced by radiation. Mice were divided into normal control group, model control group, positive control group-Li kejun tablet group and three different dose (high, middle, low-dose) groups of SHSB granule. The peripheral hemogram, thymus index (TI), spleen index (SI), bone marrow nucleated cell (BMNC) and colony forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) were evaluated. The proliferation of bone marrow cells was determined. The in vitro cultured colony forming unit granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) was estimated. The index of CD34+ cell in BMNC were determined by flow cytometry. The ultra-micro structure of bone marrow were observed by electromicroscope. RESULT: (1)SHSB rranule could increase the WBC of model mice; (2)SHSB granule could increase BMNC and promote the proliferation of bone marrow cell; (3)SHSB granule could increase CFU-S, CFU-GM and CD34+ cell index in BMNC of model mice significantly; (4)SHSB Granule could also protect the bone marrow hemotopoietic microenvironment from the harm of radiation; (5)SHSB granule could increase the SI of model mice, indicating the enhancement of immunological function. CONCLUSION: SHSB granule has apparent leukogenic function. The mechanism may be related to enhancing the proliferation of hematopoietic cells and protecting the bone marrow hemotopoietic microenvironment.