ABSTRACT
Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson ex F.A. Zorn) Fosberg is native to the Pacific Islands, India, and the Philippines. It is also cultivated in Taiwan and Hainan. The complete plastome of the species was assembled and annotated in this study. The circular genome was 160,184 bp in size, presenting a typical quadripartite structure including two inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,734 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) of 88,791 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) of 19,925 bp. The genome contained 132 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The total G/C content of complete plastome was 36.0%, with the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR being 33.7%, 28.8%, and 42.7%, respectively. The complete plastome sequence of A. altilis (Parkinson ex F.A. Zorn) Fosberg will make contributions to the conservation genetics of this species as well as to phylogenetic studies of Moraceae.
ABSTRACT
Arecaceae is a species-rich clade of Arecales, while also being regarded as a morphologically diverse angiosperm family with numerous species having significant economic, medicinal, and ornamental value. Although in-depth studies focused on the chloroplast structure of Arecaceae, as well as inferring phylogenetic relationships using gene fragments, have been reported in recent years, a comprehensive analysis of the chloroplast structure of Arecaceae is still needed. Here we perform a comprehensive analysis of the structural features of the chloroplast genome of Arecaceae, compare the variability of gene sequences, infer phylogenetic relationships, estimate species divergence times, and reconstruct ancestral morphological traits. In this study, 74 chloroplast genomes of Arecaceae were obtained, covering five subfamilies. The results show that all chloroplast genomes possess a typical tetrad structure ranging in size between 153,806-160,122 bp, with a total of 130-137 genes, including 76-82 protein-coding genes, 29-32 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. Additionally, the total GC content was between 36.9-37.7%. Analysis of the SC/IR boundary indicated that the IR region underwent expansion or contraction. Phylogenetic relationships indicate that all five subfamilies in Arecaceae are monophyletic and that Ceroxyloideae and Arecoideae are sister groups (BS/PP = 100/1). The results of molecular dating indicate that the age of the crown group of Arecaceae is likely to be 96.60 [84.90-107.60] Ma, while the age of the stem group is 102.40 [93.44-111.17] Ma. Reconstruction of ancestral traits indicate that the ancestral characteristics of the family include monoecious plants, one seed, six stamens, and a smooth pericarp.
ABSTRACT
We report and characterize the complete plastome of Lonicera gynochlamydea Hemsl. L. gynochlamydea is a shrub, belonging to the family Caprifoliaceae. Our results show that the length of the complete plastome is 154,643 bp, including 131 genes consisting of 84 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The plastome exhibits the typical quadripartite structure and gene content of angiosperms, composed of two inverted repeats (IRs) regions of 23,846 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 88,298 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,653 bp. The total G/C content in L. gynochlamydea plastome is 38.4%. The complete plastome sequence of L. gynochlamydea will make contributions to the conservation genetics of this species as well as to phylogenetic studies in Caprifoliaceae.
ABSTRACT
Diospyros nigra (J.F.Gmel.) M.R.Almeida is a rare tree in the family Ebenaceae. The species is native to South America, while having been introduced to Florida and Texas (USA), India, Java and Madagascar. Additionally, this species is distributed in Guangdong Province and the southwest portion of Hainan Province, China. Here, we report and characterize the complete plastome of a cultivar of D. nigra. The length of the complete plastome is 157,168 bp, including 131 genes consisting of 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The plastome has the typical structure and gene content of angiosperms, including two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,095 bp, a large single copy (LSC) region of 86,610 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,386 bp. The total G/C content of the plastome in D. nigra is 37.4%. The complete plastome sequence of D. nigra will make contributions to the conservation genetics of the species, as well as to phylogenetic studies in Ebenaceae.
ABSTRACT
The complete plastome of G. subelliptica, Merr. 1909. The complete length is 158,356 bp, with the typical structure and gene content of angiosperm plastomes, including a large single-copy region (LSC) of 86,220 bp, a repeat region (IRB), and a reverse repeat region (IRA) of 27,399 bp, respectively, and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 17,338 bp. The plastome contains 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The total G/C content of the plastome is 36.1%.
ABSTRACT
Here, we report and characterize the complete plastome of Reevesia pycnantha, Y. Ling 1951, which is a rare tree in the plant family Malvaceae. It is distributed in central and southern Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, and other provinces of China, where it is endemic. It grows in subtropical climates at middle and low altitudes of 200-800 meters within valleys, along mountain foothills, or on hillsides, in evergreen broad-leaved forests or at forest edges. Our results show that the length of the complete plastome is 161,964 bp, including 129 genes consisted of 81 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. It exhibits the typical quadripartite structure and gene content of angiosperms plastomes and comprises two inverted repeat (IRS) regions of 2,469 bp, a large single copy (LSC) region of 90,657 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 20,315 bp. The total G/C content in the plastome of R. pycnantha,Y. Ling 1951 is 36.8%. The complete plastome sequence of R. pycnantha, Y. Ling 1951will make contributions to the conservation genetics of this species as well as to phylogenetic studies in Malvaceae.
ABSTRACT
Citrus australasica (F. Muell.) Swingle belongs to the family Rutaceae. Citrus australasica is native to eastern Australia and southeastern New Guinea, and is mainly concentrated in a small region of northern New South Wales and tropical rainforest areas in southern Queensland. The complete plastome length of C. australasica is 160,335 bp, with the typical structure and gene content of angiosperm plastids, including a 26,592 bp repeat B (IRB) region, 26,952 bp IRA, 87,678 bp large single copy (LSC) region and 18,756 bp small single copy (SSC) region. The plastid contains 135 genes, including 89 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The total G/C content of the C. australasica plastome is 38.4%. The complete plastome sequence of C. australasica will provide useful resources for conservation genetics research of this species and phylogenetic research of Rutaceae.
ABSTRACT
Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. is a deciduous tree in the family Anacardiaceae, which grows in lowland and hill forests; 100-1800 m. SW Guangdong, S Guangxi, S Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka; cultivated elsewhere in continental SE Asia, such as in Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, where it is probably naturalized]. The length of the complete plastome is 162,460 bp, including 130 genes consisting of 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The assembled plastome has the typical structure and gene content of angiosperms plastome, which includes two inverted repeats (IRs) regions of 26,877 bp, a large single copy (LSC) region of 89,599 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 19,107 bp. The total G/C content in the plastome of L. coromandelica is 37.7%. The complete plastome sequence of L. coromandelica will provide contributions to the conservation genetics of this species as well as to phylogenetic studies in Anacardiaceae.
ABSTRACT
Cymbidium tortisepalum (Orchidaceae) has been ranked as an endangered (EN) herb species in China. In this study, we report and characterize the complete plastid genome sequence of C. tortisepalum var. longibracteatum in order to provide genomic resources helpful for promoting its conservation and garden utilization. The complete plastome is 150,198 bp in length and contains the typical quadripartite structure of angiosperm, including two Inverted Repeat (IRs) regions of 25,682 bp, a Large Single-Copy (LSC) region of 85,035 bp and a Small Single-Copy (SSC) region of 13,799 bp. The plastome contains 111 genes, consisting of 77 unique protein-coding genes, 30 unique tRNA gene and 4 unique rRNA genes. The overall A/T content in the plastome of C. tortisepalum var. longibracteatum is 62.90%. The complete plastome sequence of C. tortisepalum var. longibracteatum will provide a useful resource for the conservation and garden utilization of this species as well as for the phylogenetic studies of Orchidaceae.
