Diversity and Co-Occurrence Patterns of Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities of Chinese Cordyceps Habitats at Shergyla Mountain, Tibet: Implications for the Occurrence.

Chinese Cordyceps is a well-known medicinal larva-fungus symbiote distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas. Previous studies have involved its artificial cultivation but commercial cultivation is difficult to perform because the crucial factors triggering the occurrence of Chinese Cordyceps are not quite clear. The occurrence of Chinese Cordyceps is greatly affected by the soil environment, including the soil's physicochemical and microecological properties. In this study, the effects of these soil properties on the occurrence of Chinese Cordyceps were investigated. The results show that the physicochemical properties, including easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), soil organic carbon (SOC), humic acid carbon (HAC), humin carbon (HMC), and pH, might be negatively related to the occurrence of Chinese Cordyceps, and soil water content (SWC) might be positively related. Several soil physicochemical parameters (pH, SOC, HMC, HAC, available potassium (APO), available phosphorus (APH), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and the ratio of NH4+ to NO3- (NH4+/NO3-)) and microbial properties interact and mix together, which might affect the occurrence of Chinese Cordyceps. Soil microbial community structure was also a possible factor, and a low level of bacterial and fungal diversity was suitable for the occurrence of Chinese Cordyceps. The intra-kingdom network revealed that a closer correlation of the bacterial community might help the occurrence of Chinese Cordyceps, while a closer correlation of the fungal community might suppress it. The inter-kingdom network revealed that the occurrence rate of Chinese Cordyceps might be negatively correlated with the stability of the correlation state of the soil habitat. In conclusion, this study shows that soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities could be greatly related with the occurrence of Chinese Cordyceps. In addition, soil physicochemical properties, the level of bacterial and fungal diversity, and correlations of bacterial and fungal communities should be controlled to a certain level to increase the production of Chinese Cordyceps in artificial cultivation.

[Synthesis and Study on Adsorption Property of Congo Red Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanospheres].

Molecularly imprinted polymer nanospheres (MIP) were prepared with Congo red as the template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross linker, azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator, and acetonitrile as the porogen by precipitation polymerization. The morphology of MIP was characterized by SEM and TEM which showed that the diameter of MIP was nanometer grade (90 nm) and the shape was homogeneous. The specific surface area and pore volumes of MIP and NIP were examined through Brunauer-Emett-Teller method of nitrogen adsorption experiments. Then, the adsorption and selective recognition ability of MIPs were evaluated using the equilibrium rebinding experiments. The results indicated that the prepared MIP showed a good selectivity recognition ability to its template. It concluded that MIP could be employed as an effective material for removing Congo red from waste water.

[Synthesis and adsorption property of Cd(II) - 8-hydroxyquinoline molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres].

Cd(II) ion could form a stable complex with 8-hydroxyquinoline (molar rate = 1 : 1) in ethanol solution as revealed by ultraviolet spectrum analysis. Based on this molar rate of Cd(II) ions and 8-hydroxyquinoline, Cd(II) ions imprinting polymer microspheres were synthesized by water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions polymerization, using metal Cd(II) ions as template, 8-hydroxyquinoline as ligand, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethylene acrylic acid methyl ester as cross-linker, and azodiisobutyronitrile as initiator in aqueous phase. The influences of the dosage of emulsifier, porogen and outer aqueous phase on the morphology and adsorption property of MIP were studied. The morphology of MIP was characterized by SEM which showed that the diameter of MIP was of micrometer grade and the shape was homogeneous under some operating conditions. The adsorption properties of MIP synthesized under different conditions were compared. The influences of solution pH, adsorption time, initial concentration and temperature on MIP adsorbed Cd(II) ions were assessed. The results showed that MIP showed fast kinetics for adsorption and desorption of Cd(II) ions. It was concluded that MIP could be employed as an effective material for the selective removal of Cd(II) ions from waste water.