ABSTRACT
Background: Inhibitory κB kinases (IKKs) play a key role in modulating proinflammatory and growth stimulating signals through their regulation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) cascade. Therefore, the level of expression of IKKs represents a viable prognostic predictor with regard to various pathological processes. The prognostic value of IKKs expression in gastric cancer remains unclear. Methods: We used the 'Kaplan-Meier plotter' (KM plotter) online database, to explore the predictive prognostic value of individual IKKs members' mRNA expression to overall survival (OS) in different clinical data including pathological staging, histology, and therapies employed. Results: Our results revealed that a higher mRNA expression of inhibitor of NF-κB kinase subunit α (IKKα) was correlated to better OS, whereas higher mRNA expression of IKKß, inhibitor of NF-κB kinase subunit γ (IKKγ), inhibitor of NF-κB kinase subunit ε (IKKε), and suppressor of IKKε (SIKE) were generally correlated to unfavorable OS in gastric cancer. Increased mRNA expression of IKKε also showed better outcomes in stage IV gastric cancer. Further a correlation between elevated levels of mRNA expression of both IKKε and SIKE was found to have favorable OS in diffuse type gastric cancer. It was also revealed that high expression of SIKE had favorable OS when treated with other adjuvant therapies, while worse OS when treated only with 5FU therapy. Conclusion: Our results suggest that mRNA expression of individual IKKs and SIKE are associated with unique prognostic significance and may act as valuable prognostic biomarkers and potential targets for future therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , I-kappa B Kinase/genetics , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Databases, Factual , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism , Isoenzymes/genetics , Isoenzymes/metabolism , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , NF-kappa B/genetics , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , NF-kappaB-Inducing KinaseABSTRACT
As a well-known neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor (NGF) has also been extensively recognized for its acceleration of healing in cutaneous wounds in both animal models and randomized clinical trials. However, the underlying mechanisms accounting for the therapeutic effect of NGF on skin wounds are not fully understood. NGF treatment significantly accelerated the rate of wound healing by promoting wound reepithelialization, the formation of granulation tissue, and collagen production. To explore the possible mechanisms of this process, the expression levels of CD68, VEGF, PCNA, and TGF-ß1 in wounds were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The levels of these proteins were all significantly raised in NGF-treated wounds compared to untreated controls. NGF also significantly promoted the migration, but not the proliferation, of dermal fibroblasts. NGF induced a remarkable increase in the activity of PI3K/Akt, JNK, ERK, and Rac1, and blockade with their specific inhibitors significantly impaired the NGF-induced migration. In conclusion, NGF significantly accelerated the healing of skin excisional wounds in rats and the fibroblast migration induced by NGF may contribute to this healing process. The activation of PI3K/Akt, Rac1, JNK, and ERK were all involved in the regulation of NGF-induced fibroblast migration.
Subject(s)
Cell Movement/drug effects , Fibroblasts/pathology , MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects , Nerve Growth Factor/pharmacology , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Wound Healing/drug effects , Animals , Antigens, CD/metabolism , Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Collagen/biosynthesis , Dermis/pathology , Epithelium/drug effects , Epithelium/pathology , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/enzymology , Granulation Tissue/drug effects , Granulation Tissue/pathology , Humans , JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Male , Nerve Growth Factor/administration & dosage , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism , Up-Regulation/drug effects , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolismABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of tanshinone II-A, an alcohol extract of the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, on tumor invasion and metastasis of human colon carcinoma (CRC) cells. METHODS: The effects of tanshinone II-A on invasion and metastasis of CRC cell lines HT29 and SW480 were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays. Western blotting was used to investigate possible molecular mechanisms of tanshinone II-A anti-cancer actions. RESULTS: Tanshinone II-A inhibited migration and invasion of CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect also depended on time, with the most significant effects observed at 72 h. Tanshinone II-A also significantly inhibited in vivo metastasis of colon carcinoma SW480 cells. It inhibited in vitro and in vivo invasion and metastasis of CRC cells by reducing levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and by increasing levels of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase protein (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. Tanshinone II-A was also shown to suppress the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signal. CONCLUSION: Tanshinone II-A inhibited in vitro and in vivo invasion and metastasis of CRC cells. The effect resulted from changes in the levels of uPA, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, and apparent inhibition of the NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Phenanthrenes/pharmacology , Abietanes , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Cell Line, Tumor , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , HT29 Cells , Humans , Mice , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Invasiveness/prevention & control , Neoplasm Metastasis/prevention & control , Phenanthrenes/administration & dosage , Phenanthrenes/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Roots , Salvia miltiorrhiza/chemistry , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Time FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical features of patients with heterotopic pancreas, their diagnosis and surgical treatment. METHODS: Seven patients with heterotopic pancreas were treated surgically in our hospital from August 1992 to March 1999. RESULTS: Of the 7 patients, 4 had heterotopic pancreas located in the duodenum, 2 in the jejunum, and 1 in the stomach. Four patients experienced abdominal pain, 3 icterus, 1 duodenal obstruction, and 1 digestive tract bleeding. Three patients were complicated by cholelithiasis, and 1 patient was complicated by diverticulum of the jejunum. All seven patients were misdiagnosed or undefined preoperatively. They underwent surgery and were confirmed pathologically. CONCLUSIONS: Heterotopic pancreas is extremely difficult to diagnose before operation since no specific clinical signs are seen in such patients. Once diagnosed with symptoms or not, the patients should undergo surgery for correct diagnosis and avoidance of relative complications.
