Increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps is associated with gut leakage in patients with type 1 but not type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) with gut leakage in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: In all, 105 subjects (56 T1D, 49 T2D) were included in the study. Eight biomarkers of NET formation and gut leakage (ie, protein arginine deiminase type 4 [PAD4], neutrophil elastase [NE], proteinase 3 [PR3], complement 5a [C5a], α1 -antitrypsin [AAT], DNase I, zonulin, and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) were measured in serum samples by ELISA. Neutrophils were isolated and stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate to form NETs in vitro. Neutrophil intracellular contents were then collected and used as antigens to detect anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in the serum. RESULTS: There was an increase in NET-associated proteins (PAD4, NE, PR3, C5a, AAT and DNase I) in new-onset T1D patients but not in those with T2D. Of PAD4, NE, and PR3, PAD4 was found to be the most sensitive biomarker for the diagnosis of T1D. Furthermore, circulating levels of zonulin and LPS were not only increased, but were also strongly correlated with NET formation and ANCA generation in T1D patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that increased formation of NETs, particularly PAD4, is closely associated with gut leakage in T1D but not T2D, and suggests that microorganisms and the release of neutrophil cytoplasmic antigen during the formation of NETs may be involved in the pathogenesis of T1D.

First-in-man implantation of the retrievable and repositionable VenusA-Plus valve.

BACKGROUND: No retrievable and repositionable second generation transcatheter aortic valve is available in China. Here, we report the first-in-man implantation of the retrievable and repositionable VenusA-Plus valve. METHODS: A 76-year-old patient with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis and high surgical risk (STS 13.8%) was recommended for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) by heart valve team. Type 0 bicuspid aortic valve with asymmetric calcification was identified by dual source computed tomography, and the unfavorable anatomies increased the possibility of malposition and paravalvular leakage during TAVR. Therefore, we used the retrievable and repositionable VenusA-Plus valve for the patient. RESULTS: Transfemoral TAVR was performed under local anesthesia with sedation, and a 26mm VenusA-Plus valve was successfully implanted. No transvalvular pressure gradient and trace paravalvular leakage were found. CONCLUSION: The successful first-in-man implantation indicates the retrievable and repositionable VenusA-Plus valve is feasible in complicated TAVR cases such as bicuspid aortic valve.

[Synthesis of thienopyridine derivatives and its anti-platelet activity in vivo].

To explore novel ADP receptor inhibitors with anti-thrombotic activity, eighteen compounds were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and MS. The results showed that the activity of compound C1 was superior to ticlopidine in platelet aggregation inhibition tests in vivo and worthy for further investigation. Compounds A4, B2, C4 and C7 possessed moderate platelet aggregation inhibitory activities.

3-Bromo-propyl 2-(2-chloro-phen-yl)-2-(4,5,6,7-tetra-hydro-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5-yl)acetate.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(18)H(19)BrClNO(2)S, weak C-H⋯O inter-actions help to establish the packing.

2-Chloro-ethyl 2-(2-chloro-phen-yl)-2-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5-yl)acetate.

The mol-ecular packing of the title compound, C(17)H(17)Cl(2)NO(2)S, is stabilized by weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Cl inter-actions. The ester chain is almost planar with a mean deviation of 0.0605 Šand makes dihedral angles of 71.60 (4) and 74.70 (8)° with the benzene ring and the thio-phene ring, respectively. The benzene and thio-phene rings make a dihedral angle of 84.22 (7)°.